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So he stabs, I step in in the same way.

2
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Now my hand slides down. And where are we at?

3
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I've been teaching fighting techniques

4
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to government agencies for more than 15 years.

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Including the U.S. Marines, U.S. Marshals,

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U.S. SWAT Teams, and U.S. Navy Seals.

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He's gonna stab me. I go here and then I go here.

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And then I could go here, or here.

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Nearly, all the techniques I teach

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are banned in the sport of mixed martial arts.

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I can control the direction

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of the muzzle. You guys see that?

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These are some of the most effective

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and damaging moves you could use

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in a real life situation. Be it in self-defense...

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If I'm here.

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- ...on the street... - I twist you round

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and I, then I knee.

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...or in war.

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Straight into the trachea.

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Now you're gonna knee. Step back and then rip.

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And the gun comes out. Good.

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This is life or death for these guys.

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And I'm honored to share this knowledge.

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Let's see your muscles, James. Let's see your muscles.

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- Oh, yes! - Go on, do it again.

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And again! That's right.

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That's it. Power.

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James, he was a very lively child.

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Quite hard to control.

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James!

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His teacher said to us,

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I'm finding it difficult to cope with him

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because he is so, um, not aggressive,

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he is so...

36
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- Lively, really. - ...lively. Yes.

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I think that's probably the better word.

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So I took him to one of the training sessions

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of Kyokushinkai,

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which is a very hard style of karate.

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It's a bit more controlled and structured.

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It calmed him down.

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From then on, he took the karate to heart.

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Bruce Lee was his hero as a child.

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And he had big posters in his bedroom.

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Like a lot of boys,

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I dreamed about becoming a Kung Fu master

48
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who could fight off bad guys in any situation.

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But when I was a teenager,

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I got attacked on the street and beaten up,

51
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coming face to face with the reality

52
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that all those choreographed karate routines

53
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I'd spent years practicing, were completely useless.

54
00:04:02,680 --> 00:04:04,550
Then I found out that the same thing

55
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happened to Bruce Lee when he was my age,

56
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launching him on a quest, the search for truth in combat.

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Lee went on to study a wide range of martial arts,

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taking only the best parts of each discipline.

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His philosophy was simple.

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Research your own experience,

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absorb what is useful, reject what is useless,

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add what is specifically your own.

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Armed with this philosophy,

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I vowed to follow in Lee's footsteps.

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Fifteen years and five black belts later,

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I was given the opportunity to put my training to the test.

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- Oh, good combination by Wilks! - Good combination!

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Johnson trying to fight back though!

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Nice knees by Wilks!

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- Johnson is in trouble early. - Wilks is attacking.

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One hook in and he's got the choke.

72
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He's got one arm across.

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- The hand! - He's up and around now.

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- He's gonna tap! - It's all over!

75
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- It's unbelievable. - James Wilks

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is The Ultimate Fighter.

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With seconds to go!

78
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Outstanding performance by James Wilks!

79
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James Wilks from Leicester, England

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00:05:11,330 --> 00:05:13,500
is The Ultimate Fighter.

81
00:05:17,250 --> 00:05:19,000
Then, I got injured.

82
00:05:20,460 --> 00:05:22,510
I was sparring with a future heavyweight champion

83
00:05:22,510 --> 00:05:24,760
and tore ligaments in both of my knees.

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Unable to teach or train for at least six months,

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I spent more than a thousand hours

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studying peer reviewed science on recovery and nutrition.

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Looking for any advantage I could find

88
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to get back on track as quickly as possible.

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That's when I stumbled across a study

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about the Roman gladiators.

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The Gladiator Graveyard

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from Ephesus is the only one

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with a significant number of individuals buried there.

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Archaeologists recovered

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the remains of at least 68 gladiators.

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There have been more than 5,000 bones

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analyzed for the study.

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We found in the cross section of the bone,

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very high bone mineral density,

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which indicated intense training and high quality diet

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to build up strong muscles and strong bones.

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This diet gave the gladiators a nickname, Hordearii,

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which means beans and barley muncher.

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We know different food sources give different amounts

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of strontium in the bones.

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High strontium levels in vegetarians.

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Low strontium levels in carnivores.

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If there is low strontium in the sample

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the flame will stay blue.

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If there is high strontium levels,

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it will change from blue to red.

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The gladiators were predominantly vegetarian.

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This totally blew my mind.

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The gladiators were highly prized fighters

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who got the most advanced training

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and medical care in the Roman Empire.

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To think that the original professional fighters

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ate mainly plants went against everything

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I'd been taught about nutrition.

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And now, ladies and gentlemen,

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the one and only, Superman.

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James, does Superman eat meat?

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- Yes. - He does?

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- Yeah. - Oh.

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Could you tell us what sort of foods you eat

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at teatime when you come home?

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Nearly the same as dinner but egg and...

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lamb chop.

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Do you think all the other children

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should eat those sort of foods?

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Yes!

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- In order to get strong. - Hmm.

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"The Notorious" Conor McGregor.

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Even in the UFC,

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this idea, that meat makes you tough

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had become a focal point

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for one of the most anticipated fights

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in the history of the sport between Conor McGregor,

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the world champion in two different weight classes

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and Nate Diaz,

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who accepted the fight with only 11 days' notice,

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after McGregor's original opponent pulled out.

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McGregor was a big meat eater.

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It's steaks every day for me. Steaks for breakfast,

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steaks for lunch, steaks for brunch.

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Grass fed, massaged beef, all day long.

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Diaz was on a plant based diet.

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Eat your vegetables.

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And McGregor had a field day with it.

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This man, let's see, let's see, can he fight.

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I'm a lion in there.

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Your little gazelle friends are gonna be staring

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through the cage looking at your carcass

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getting eaten alive.

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McGregor was just feeding off a stereotype

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that was pretty much universal.

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You hit like a vegetarian.

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I was curious to find out

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if there were any other elite athletes following

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a plant-based diet.

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The first I found was Scott Jurek,

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one of the greatest ultra-runners of all time.

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Scott built his career running extreme distances

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over brutal terrain,

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conquering the sport's most prestigious races,

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including the Badwater Ultramarathon,

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a 135 miles through California's Death Valley,

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with temperatures reaching a 130 degrees.

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I was training for the Western States

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one hundred mile race

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the Super Bowl of Ultra Marathon racing.

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And that's when I was transitioning

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to a plant-based diet.

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I remember doubting myself,

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even up to a week before the race, like,

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"Maybe I should have eaten meat."

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But I led that race from start to finish,

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and won it for seven years in a row,

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and there was no question

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that the plant-based diet was fueling my victories.

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When I met Scott, he was gearing up

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for the greatest challenge of his career.

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- ...inviting me over. - When I'm moving,

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I'm definitely gonna be eating.

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Having already mastered single-day endurance events,

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Scott was now trying to become the fastest person ever

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to run the entire Appalachian Trail

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a distance of 2200 miles.

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My goal is to break the record.

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Forty-six days, 11 hours.

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Let's go to Maine.

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Two marathons a day over technical terrain.

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Average of 11,000 feet of climbing,

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and 11,000 feet of descent every day,

195
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back to back to back to back,

196
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it's completely beyond anything I've done before.

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As Scott hit the trail,

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I was confused about how his meat-free diet

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could possibly give him enough energy.

200
00:10:14,460 --> 00:10:16,130
So I reached out to Dr. James Loomis,

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00:10:16,130 --> 00:10:19,300
a team physician who was part of two championships,

202
00:10:19,850 --> 00:10:22,300
a World Series and a Super Bowl.

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What I found in the locker room was...

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some pretty outdated ideas about nutrition.

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You would go to a pre-game dinner

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with the football team and you would see this spread.

207
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There would be steak and chicken.

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Very much protein oriented because their perception was

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that the protein is what sustains their energy.

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But, in fact, that's not the case.

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The actual energy for exercise comes mainly from carbohydrates

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in the form of glycogen that we store in our muscles.

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And when we sacrifice those carbohydrate calories

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for protein calories in our diet,

215
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what ends up happening is, you will develop

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really chronic carbohydrate or glycogen depletion.

217
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And what does that lead to? Well,

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it leads to chronic fatigue and loss of stamina.

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I wanted to know how this whole

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00:11:06,860 --> 00:11:09,360
"meat gives you energy" thing got started,

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and traced it back to the 1800s,

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when a famous German chemist hypothesized

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that muscular energy came from animal protein,

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and that vegetarians were incapable

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of prolonged exercise.

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Liebig's beliefs were so widely accepted

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that they even inspired

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the USDA's first protein recommendations.

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By the time science proved his theory false

230
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with the discovery that hard-working muscles

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run primarily on the carbohydrates

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found in plants, it was too late.

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People all around the world

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had already bought into Liebig's ideas

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about meat and energy.

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But not everyone was convinced.

237
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As early as 1908,

238
00:11:47,900 --> 00:11:49,690
plant-based athletes were starting to claim

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00:11:49,700 --> 00:11:51,410
their first Olympic golds.

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Are you still sticking to your vegetarian diet, Murray?

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00:11:54,910 --> 00:11:56,080
Very rigidly, yes.

242
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And do you find that's of benefit

243
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- to you, do you? - Greatly, or I wouldn't do it.

244
00:12:00,620 --> 00:12:03,920
Edwin Moses winning the gold meda!

245
00:12:04,250 --> 00:12:05,590
Lewis gets it!

246
00:12:05,590 --> 00:12:07,840
And it's a new world record as well!

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I changed my diet to a vegan diet and I set

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00:12:10,380 --> 00:12:12,340
all of my personal bests at 30 years old.

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The oldest man, ever,

250
00:12:14,050 --> 00:12:15,930
to win a world or Olympic men's final.

251
00:12:15,930 --> 00:12:17,890
And there were current Olympians, too.

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00:12:17,890 --> 00:12:19,430
Morgan Mitchell

253
00:12:19,430 --> 00:12:22,270
is the two-time Australian 400 meter champion.

254
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Here comes Morgan Mitchell.

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00:12:23,770 --> 00:12:25,860
This is very, very fast.

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It's tough, the 400, I won't lie.

257
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The first 200 is pure speed

258
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and then the last 200,

259
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it shows who's got that speed endurance training

260
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in their legs. And obviously the last 50,

261
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you've just gotta pray because lactic is hitting hard.

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You need to be able to hold that endurance.

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She also represented Australia

264
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at the 2016 summer Olympics.

265
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A lot of people had doubted me

266
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when I first became vegan,

267
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but my energy levels increased incredibly

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and my iron, my B12,

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00:12:54,050 --> 00:12:56,300
everything that people said would become deficient,

270
00:12:56,300 --> 00:12:57,390
were amazing.

271
00:12:57,850 --> 00:12:59,300
I thought, I'm gonna make sure

272
00:12:59,310 --> 00:13:00,810
I'm beating them all on the track.

273
00:13:00,810 --> 00:13:03,230
I mean, we're all friends, but it was pretty cool to finish

274
00:13:03,230 --> 00:13:05,310
my Australian domestic season undefeated.

275
00:13:05,310 --> 00:13:07,150
And to win the nationals was obviously

276
00:13:07,150 --> 00:13:08,400
that little cherry on top.

277
00:13:09,780 --> 00:13:11,190
Morgan Mitchell is tearing away from the field.

278
00:13:14,190 --> 00:13:14,860
There was also Dotsie Bausch,

279
00:13:14,860 --> 00:13:17,490
an eight time USA national cycling champion,

280
00:13:17,490 --> 00:13:20,120
and two time Pan-American gold medalist.

281
00:13:20,330 --> 00:13:21,950
My event in track cycling

282
00:13:21,950 --> 00:13:25,790
requires a massive amount of explosive power.

283
00:13:26,040 --> 00:13:27,710
- Go. Let's go, ladies. Go! Go! - Go!

284
00:13:27,710 --> 00:13:29,170
First of all, we have got to get off the line

285
00:13:29,170 --> 00:13:32,010
and we're starting from a dead start with one gear.

286
00:13:32,380 --> 00:13:34,630
We have to be able to move that mass,

287
00:13:34,630 --> 00:13:37,340
that weight off the line and get it up to speed

288
00:13:37,340 --> 00:13:40,180
within three quarters of the length of the track.

289
00:13:43,180 --> 00:13:47,350
My training regimen involves six days a week,

290
00:13:47,350 --> 00:13:48,520
climbing mountains

291
00:13:48,520 --> 00:13:51,530
up and down for at least four and five hours a day.

292
00:13:52,070 --> 00:13:54,030
Hard track sessions,

293
00:13:54,570 --> 00:13:56,110
and then big gym sessions.

294
00:13:56,780 --> 00:13:59,620
I grew up in Kentucky so that's the land of casseroles

295
00:13:59,620 --> 00:14:01,620
and barbecue and meat.

296
00:14:01,620 --> 00:14:06,000
So when I transitioned over to an entirely plant-based diet,

297
00:14:06,000 --> 00:14:09,040
I wasn't sure if I was gonna survive.

298
00:14:09,330 --> 00:14:11,960
And I actually became like a machine.

299
00:14:12,380 --> 00:14:16,220
I got up from being able to move about 300 pounds

300
00:14:16,220 --> 00:14:17,890
on the inverted leg sled,

301
00:14:18,090 --> 00:14:23,100
to moving 585 pounds, 60 reps times five sets.

302
00:14:23,930 --> 00:14:25,430
To move that kind of weight,

303
00:14:25,440 --> 00:14:29,020
you need more than just energy, you also need strength.

304
00:14:29,020 --> 00:14:30,980
In other words, protein.

305
00:14:31,400 --> 00:14:33,060
I just couldn't believe that Dotsie,

306
00:14:33,070 --> 00:14:35,820
or anyone for that matter, could get enough protein

307
00:14:35,820 --> 00:14:37,410
eating only plants.

308
00:14:38,030 --> 00:14:39,700
I think one of the biggest misconceptions

309
00:14:39,700 --> 00:14:40,990
in sports nutrition

310
00:14:40,990 --> 00:14:43,240
is that we have to have animal protein,

311
00:14:43,240 --> 00:14:45,450
in a particular meat, to get big and strong

312
00:14:45,450 --> 00:14:48,370
and perform at a high level. That's just clearly not true.

313
00:14:48,920 --> 00:14:51,000
All that protein that you get

314
00:14:51,000 --> 00:14:53,090
when you eat a steak or a hamburger,

315
00:14:53,090 --> 00:14:54,790
where did it come from? It came

316
00:14:54,800 --> 00:14:56,470
from the plants that the cow ate.

317
00:14:56,800 --> 00:14:58,090
I was surprised to learn

318
00:14:58,090 --> 00:15:00,600
that all protein originates in plants.

319
00:15:00,970 --> 00:15:03,890
Cows, pigs and chickens it turns out,

320
00:15:03,890 --> 00:15:04,930
are just the middlemen.

321
00:15:06,350 --> 00:15:08,430
In fact, the largest study to compare the nutrient intake

322
00:15:08,440 --> 00:15:10,440
of meat eaters with plant eaters,

323
00:15:10,440 --> 00:15:12,230
showed that the average plant-eater

324
00:15:12,230 --> 00:15:14,020
not only gets enough protein,

325
00:15:14,030 --> 00:15:16,440
but 70 percent more than they need.

326
00:15:16,780 --> 00:15:18,400
Even meat-eaters like me

327
00:15:18,400 --> 00:15:20,700
get roughly half of their protein from plants.

328
00:15:21,450 --> 00:15:24,620
But athletes need more protein than most people do.

329
00:15:25,040 --> 00:15:26,580
So I crunched the numbers from the study

330
00:15:26,580 --> 00:15:29,120
and realized that based on the amount of calories

331
00:15:29,120 --> 00:15:30,620
I was eating I'd still be getting

332
00:15:30,620 --> 00:15:33,630
more than enough protein to build and maintain muscle.

333
00:15:34,300 --> 00:15:36,960
For example, one cup of cooked lentils

334
00:15:36,960 --> 00:15:38,090
or a peanut butter sandwich

335
00:15:39,340 --> 00:15:41,010
has about as much protein as three ounces of beef

336
00:15:41,010 --> 00:15:42,470
or three large eggs.

337
00:15:43,220 --> 00:15:46,260
But what about the quality of the protein? I'd always heard

338
00:15:46,270 --> 00:15:48,430
that plant-based protein was inferior.

339
00:15:48,940 --> 00:15:50,810
Proteins are strings of amino acids

340
00:15:50,810 --> 00:15:53,310
and there's some amino acids our bodies can't make.

341
00:15:53,570 --> 00:15:55,480
Those are the essential amino acids,

342
00:15:55,480 --> 00:15:57,820
so we have to get them from food.

343
00:15:58,110 --> 00:16:00,360
And one of the arguments about animal based proteins

344
00:16:00,360 --> 00:16:02,490
being superior is that plant based proteins

345
00:16:02,490 --> 00:16:05,740
aren't complete, so you're not gonna get all the amino acids.

346
00:16:05,740 --> 00:16:07,620
And that's a fallacy as well.

347
00:16:08,160 --> 00:16:09,830
Again, I was surprised to discover

348
00:16:09,830 --> 00:16:13,420
that every single plant contains all the essential amino acids

349
00:16:13,420 --> 00:16:14,710
in varying proportions.

350
00:16:14,710 --> 00:16:16,630
And when it comes to gaining strength

351
00:16:16,630 --> 00:16:17,460
and muscle mass,

352
00:16:18,590 --> 00:16:20,170
research comparing plant and animal protein

353
00:16:20,170 --> 00:16:21,720
has shown that as long as the proper amount

354
00:16:21,720 --> 00:16:25,220
of amino acids are consumed, the source is irrelevant.

355
00:16:26,060 --> 00:16:27,640
This all sounded great in theory,

356
00:16:27,850 --> 00:16:31,270
but all the athletes I'd met so far were pretty lean.

357
00:16:31,600 --> 00:16:33,810
If getting lots of protein without animal foods

358
00:16:33,810 --> 00:16:37,320
really wasn't an issue, where were all the big guys?

359
00:16:45,200 --> 00:16:47,620
Kendrick Farris was the only male weightlifter

360
00:16:47,620 --> 00:16:50,370
to represent the United States at the 2012

361
00:16:50,370 --> 00:16:52,920
and 2016 Olympic Games.

362
00:16:53,460 --> 00:16:55,210
Olympic style weightlifting is going

363
00:16:55,210 --> 00:16:56,500
from the ground to overhead

364
00:16:56,500 --> 00:16:58,250
in one or two explosive movements.

365
00:16:58,250 --> 00:17:00,800
The most explosive movements that can be done.

366
00:17:06,550 --> 00:17:08,600
When I made the switch to a plant based diet,

367
00:17:08,600 --> 00:17:09,760
people, they were like, "I don't know

368
00:17:09,770 --> 00:17:11,260
how you're gonna lift that much weight."

369
00:17:11,270 --> 00:17:12,890
And, "You're not gonna be eating anything,

370
00:17:12,890 --> 00:17:15,520
you're just gonna eat grass. Like, how you gonna be strong?"

371
00:17:15,980 --> 00:17:17,810
I qualified for my third Olympic team,

372
00:17:17,810 --> 00:17:20,110
you know what I'm saying?

373
00:17:20,110 --> 00:17:22,320
I broke two American records.

374
00:17:23,400 --> 00:17:25,280
I won at the Pan-Am games.

375
00:17:25,820 --> 00:17:26,660
I was like, "Man."

376
00:17:27,870 --> 00:17:29,240
Like, "I think, I should've done this a long while ago."

377
00:17:29,240 --> 00:17:30,950
Like, "Why didn't I research this before?"

378
00:17:31,620 --> 00:17:33,580
And Kendrick wasn't alone.

379
00:17:34,420 --> 00:17:37,750
Five thousand miles away, I found another strength athlete

380
00:17:37,750 --> 00:17:39,130
named Patrik Baboumian.

381
00:17:49,390 --> 00:17:51,430
Patrik is one of the strongest men

382
00:17:51,430 --> 00:17:54,140
on the planet, with multiple world records

383
00:17:54,140 --> 00:17:57,310
including the front hold, the keg lift...

384
00:17:57,980 --> 00:17:59,440
and the log lift.

385
00:18:04,950 --> 00:18:06,190
- How could one of the world's... - Yeah!

386
00:18:06,200 --> 00:18:08,910
...strongest men be so powerful,

387
00:18:09,620 --> 00:18:14,290
eating only plants? No meat. No milk. No eggs.

388
00:18:14,870 --> 00:18:16,420
...Patrik Baboumian!

389
00:18:17,130 --> 00:18:18,620
Most of the training I do at home

390
00:18:18,630 --> 00:18:20,630
because it's just more practical...

391
00:18:20,630 --> 00:18:21,800
Someone asked me,

392
00:18:22,000 --> 00:18:24,460
"How could you get as strong as an ox

393
00:18:24,460 --> 00:18:27,170
without eating any meat?" And my answer was,

394
00:18:27,180 --> 00:18:29,550
"Have you ever seen an ox eating meat?"

395
00:18:33,180 --> 00:18:35,890
I stopped eating meat in 2005.

396
00:18:36,270 --> 00:18:38,770
Up to that time I was 105 kilo.

397
00:18:38,980 --> 00:18:40,980
And now I'm 130 kilos.

398
00:18:40,980 --> 00:18:44,740
Also at the same time I set, like, four world records.

399
00:18:44,940 --> 00:18:48,490
So when I stopped eating meat, I got stronger and bigger.

400
00:18:48,490 --> 00:18:51,780
- Okay. So I just go under here. - Okay. Yeah.

401
00:18:52,080 --> 00:18:53,330
Really take care of...

402
00:18:53,330 --> 00:18:55,410
your... your back should really be straight.

403
00:18:55,620 --> 00:18:58,000
Pick it up.

404
00:18:58,250 --> 00:19:00,080
Get up.

405
00:19:00,670 --> 00:19:04,000
At 700 pounds, I could not move

406
00:19:04,000 --> 00:19:05,300
the yoke at all.

407
00:19:05,300 --> 00:19:06,500
- It didn't move. - It felt like

408
00:19:06,510 --> 00:19:08,590
it was bolted to the ground.

409
00:19:12,970 --> 00:19:15,180
And that was just his warm-up weight.

410
00:19:18,520 --> 00:19:21,900
It's hard to fathom how strong Patrik really is.

411
00:19:22,400 --> 00:19:24,440
It's almost super human.

412
00:19:29,610 --> 00:19:30,990
When I met Patrik,

413
00:19:30,990 --> 00:19:32,780
he was training to break the world record

414
00:19:32,780 --> 00:19:35,620
for the heaviest weight ever carried by a human being.

415
00:19:37,540 --> 00:19:38,620
To break that record,

416
00:19:38,960 --> 00:19:42,380
Patrik would have to carry 1224 pounds,

417
00:19:42,670 --> 00:19:46,710
that's the weight of a horse, a distance of 33 feet.

418
00:19:47,170 --> 00:19:48,590
The thing with the yoke is,

419
00:19:48,590 --> 00:19:51,380
if you really, really go insane with the weight,

420
00:19:51,390 --> 00:19:52,550
when you do a step

421
00:19:52,550 --> 00:19:54,760
and all the weight is on one leg,

422
00:19:54,760 --> 00:19:57,140
it sometimes feels like your bones

423
00:19:57,140 --> 00:19:58,180
could just break.

424
00:19:58,730 --> 00:20:01,690
It's probably one of the most terrifying things

425
00:20:01,690 --> 00:20:03,730
that we do at strongman events.

426
00:20:14,410 --> 00:20:16,080
Here we go!

427
00:20:16,580 --> 00:20:18,660
When Nate Diaz stepped into the cage

428
00:20:18,660 --> 00:20:19,750
to face Conor McGregor,

429
00:20:21,210 --> 00:20:23,920
the Vegas odds makers had Diaz as the four to one underdog.

430
00:20:23,920 --> 00:20:25,880
He caught him again with a right hook.

431
00:20:26,380 --> 00:20:27,550
And another left!

432
00:20:27,840 --> 00:20:30,010
And again with a combination!

433
00:20:31,260 --> 00:20:33,260
Diaz trying to finish with a submission.

434
00:20:33,260 --> 00:20:34,590
He's got it! That's it!

435
00:20:34,600 --> 00:20:36,510
- He's got the choke! - Nate Diaz!

436
00:20:36,510 --> 00:20:38,430
- He's got it, man. - He has done it!

437
00:20:38,430 --> 00:20:41,520
Nate Diaz beats Conor McGregor!

438
00:20:41,520 --> 00:20:45,230
Oh, my goodness!

439
00:20:45,230 --> 00:20:48,280
Nate Diaz, you just shook up the world.

440
00:20:48,570 --> 00:20:49,780
How does that feel?

441
00:20:50,280 --> 00:20:52,740
Aye, I'm not surprised motherfuckers.

442
00:20:57,620 --> 00:21:01,330
It's a bitter, bitter pill to swallow. Um,

443
00:21:01,580 --> 00:21:02,960
It was simply a...

444
00:21:03,370 --> 00:21:06,000
battle of energy in there and I...

445
00:21:06,630 --> 00:21:08,460
and he got the better of that, so.

446
00:21:09,170 --> 00:21:10,590
Nine days out from the fight,

447
00:21:10,590 --> 00:21:12,800
I started eating two steaks a day

448
00:21:12,800 --> 00:21:15,050
and it just came back to bite me on the ass, you know.

449
00:21:15,470 --> 00:21:16,930
This was the greatest upset

450
00:21:16,930 --> 00:21:19,850
in UFC history, and it turned out, Nate wasn't

451
00:21:19,850 --> 00:21:22,060
the only plant-based fighter out there.

452
00:21:25,310 --> 00:21:26,440
I stopped eating meat

453
00:21:26,440 --> 00:21:28,980
probably like around the end of 2012.

454
00:21:29,570 --> 00:21:31,320
I grew up not even knowing

455
00:21:31,320 --> 00:21:33,150
about half of these other vegetables.

456
00:21:33,570 --> 00:21:36,410
Asparagus to me just came out like five years ago.

457
00:21:36,660 --> 00:21:38,950
You know what I'm saying? That's just like, as a kid,

458
00:21:38,950 --> 00:21:40,990
I was like, "Asparagus. We ain't never see that."

459
00:21:40,990 --> 00:21:41,830
I'm like, "What's that?"

460
00:21:43,080 --> 00:21:45,210
Bryant Jennings is a heavyweight title contender

461
00:21:45,210 --> 00:21:46,500
best known for going the distance

462
00:21:46,500 --> 00:21:47,540
with Wladimir Klitschko,

463
00:21:48,840 --> 00:21:50,300
one of the greatest boxing champions of all time.

464
00:21:50,710 --> 00:21:52,630
My early years growing up in Philly,

465
00:21:52,630 --> 00:21:54,800
the only thing we knew was spinach in a can,

466
00:21:54,800 --> 00:21:59,180
collard greens and Popeye's, KFC, everybody frying chicken.

467
00:22:02,680 --> 00:22:05,310
Most people say, "Oh, where do you get your protein?"

468
00:22:05,310 --> 00:22:06,940
As if everybody that's in KFC

469
00:22:06,940 --> 00:22:08,520
is looking at the back of a bucket.

470
00:22:08,810 --> 00:22:11,070
Like, "Yeah, how much protein is..." Y'all don't know.

471
00:22:11,070 --> 00:22:13,240
So, y'all really don't know what y'all eating.

472
00:22:14,320 --> 00:22:16,570
I'd never really thought about it like that before.

473
00:22:16,990 --> 00:22:18,950
What else was in the food I was eating?

474
00:22:20,370 --> 00:22:22,450
An experiment to help answer that question

475
00:22:22,450 --> 00:22:24,790
was being conducted by Dr. Robert Vogel,

476
00:22:24,790 --> 00:22:27,120
co-chair of the NFL's sub committee

477
00:22:27,130 --> 00:22:28,620
on cardiovascular health.

478
00:22:28,630 --> 00:22:32,710
What you eat immediately before an athletic endeavor

479
00:22:32,710 --> 00:22:35,760
really can have major impact on how you perform.

480
00:22:36,470 --> 00:22:39,590
There's a direct correlation between a meal

481
00:22:39,600 --> 00:22:41,560
and endothelial function.

482
00:22:41,760 --> 00:22:44,100
The endothelium is a lining of blood vessels.

483
00:22:44,390 --> 00:22:47,390
It regulates blood flow throughout the body.

484
00:22:47,400 --> 00:22:49,850
It knows that a particular muscle group

485
00:22:49,860 --> 00:22:54,150
or organ needs more blood flow, and it dilates, it opens up.

486
00:22:54,570 --> 00:22:58,820
When the endothelium is impaired, it cannot open up.

487
00:22:58,820 --> 00:23:02,490
It cannot allow blood flow to increase as much.

488
00:23:02,490 --> 00:23:04,910
And therefore, impairs athletic performance.

489
00:23:05,410 --> 00:23:07,750
The test subjects were three football players

490
00:23:07,750 --> 00:23:09,170
from the Miami Dolphins.

491
00:23:09,830 --> 00:23:11,840
Defensive back, Michael Thomas.

492
00:23:12,670 --> 00:23:14,960
And wide receivers, Griff Whalen,

493
00:23:15,920 --> 00:23:18,260
- and Kenny Stills. - Caught for the touchdown!

494
00:23:18,510 --> 00:23:19,880
Kenny Stills!

495
00:23:19,890 --> 00:23:21,800
Today, we're going to be feeding them

496
00:23:21,800 --> 00:23:25,270
three burrito breakfasts with a lot of protein.

497
00:23:25,600 --> 00:23:30,600
Two of them have sources of animal-based protein and fat.

498
00:23:30,610 --> 00:23:33,320
One is from beef, one is from chicken.

499
00:23:33,610 --> 00:23:35,270
The third is a plant-based burrito

500
00:23:35,280 --> 00:23:36,280
which has beans in it,

501
00:23:37,450 --> 00:23:41,070
so the protein and the fat came from a plant based source.

502
00:23:41,530 --> 00:23:45,160
Tomorrow, we're gonna feed them all bean burritos.

503
00:23:46,120 --> 00:23:49,750
We're looking at the impact of eating a different meal

504
00:23:49,750 --> 00:23:52,170
- on the same people. - All right. Here's the beef.

505
00:23:52,500 --> 00:23:53,920
- Thank you. - Chicken here.

506
00:23:53,920 --> 00:23:56,630
- And the plant based one here. - Thank you.

507
00:23:57,300 --> 00:23:59,800
Griff has been plant based for four years,

508
00:23:59,800 --> 00:24:02,430
so he got bean burritos on both days.

509
00:24:03,300 --> 00:24:06,770
On away games, we always eat fried chicken, we eat Popeye's.

510
00:24:07,100 --> 00:24:09,430
I love fried chicken and I love Popeye's.

511
00:24:09,440 --> 00:24:12,230
And I'm gonna eat Popeye's every time.

512
00:24:13,900 --> 00:24:15,480
Two hours after each meal,

513
00:24:15,480 --> 00:24:17,150
the players had their blood drawn

514
00:24:17,150 --> 00:24:18,360
and put into a centrifuge.

515
00:24:19,070 --> 00:24:20,990
The red blood cells sink to the bottom.

516
00:24:21,280 --> 00:24:24,780
An amber colored fluid called plasma, rises to the top.

517
00:24:25,740 --> 00:24:27,120
If the plasma is see-through,

518
00:24:27,120 --> 00:24:28,870
it means there's not much fat in the blood

519
00:24:28,870 --> 00:24:31,620
and the endothelium is likely functioning well.

520
00:24:34,540 --> 00:24:35,500
Michael.

521
00:24:36,170 --> 00:24:39,260
Today's blood, and yesterday's blood.

522
00:24:39,720 --> 00:24:43,970
This is a plant burrito. This is a meat burrito.

523
00:24:43,970 --> 00:24:46,760
Look at the difference it makes in what circulates

524
00:24:46,760 --> 00:24:47,890
in your bloodstream.

525
00:24:47,890 --> 00:24:49,430
- Cloudy. - Cloudy.

526
00:24:49,640 --> 00:24:52,770
And that on top is the fat circulating

527
00:24:52,770 --> 00:24:55,020
in your blood from the meat burrito.

528
00:24:55,020 --> 00:24:57,650
- Gotcha. - Griff, you're the vegan.

529
00:24:57,980 --> 00:25:01,530
Here's your blood from today and your blood from yesterday.

530
00:25:01,530 --> 00:25:05,490
- Nice and clear, both of them. - So the fat from the avocado

531
00:25:05,490 --> 00:25:07,070
doesn't have that kind of effect?

532
00:25:07,080 --> 00:25:08,700
That's right. Kenny.

533
00:25:10,160 --> 00:25:13,080
You're the fried chicken guy.

534
00:25:13,290 --> 00:25:15,830
You wanna see your chicken? There it is.

535
00:25:15,840 --> 00:25:18,090
Yeah, it's pretty gross to see.

536
00:25:18,300 --> 00:25:20,970
Sources of animal-based protein

537
00:25:21,220 --> 00:25:24,840
and fat have a tremendous impact on endothelial function

538
00:25:24,840 --> 00:25:27,760
that lasts for six or seven hours after you eat.

539
00:25:27,760 --> 00:25:30,140
So if you have bacon and eggs for breakfast,

540
00:25:30,140 --> 00:25:32,350
a hamburger for lunch and a steak for dinner,

541
00:25:32,350 --> 00:25:37,190
this is going on all day long. Your blood is always cloudy.

542
00:25:37,190 --> 00:25:41,360
And the ability to operate at your best is always impaired.

543
00:25:41,900 --> 00:25:42,740
Damn.

544
00:25:43,860 --> 00:25:45,990
I guess I won't be eating my fried chicken no more.

545
00:25:46,820 --> 00:25:48,070
Dr. Vogel's experiment

546
00:25:48,080 --> 00:25:49,830
was backed up by numerous studies

547
00:25:49,830 --> 00:25:51,740
measuring how a single animal-based meal

548
00:25:51,750 --> 00:25:53,080
can impair blood flow.

549
00:25:53,540 --> 00:25:55,790
I also found a large body of research

550
00:25:55,790 --> 00:25:57,960
showing that plants have the opposite effect,

551
00:25:57,960 --> 00:26:01,340
improving endothelial function and increasing blood flow.

552
00:26:01,880 --> 00:26:04,260
Controlled studies show that simply drinking beet juice

553
00:26:04,260 --> 00:26:08,260
before training allows subjects to cycle 22 percent longer,

554
00:26:08,260 --> 00:26:11,520
and bench press 19 percent more total weight.

555
00:26:11,890 --> 00:26:13,770
I've seen races where it has come down

556
00:26:13,770 --> 00:26:15,980
to the one thousandth of a second.

557
00:26:16,350 --> 00:26:18,600
Sometimes, you have to do things that you know your competitors

558
00:26:18,610 --> 00:26:19,650
aren't doing.

559
00:26:19,650 --> 00:26:21,400
Getting every single advantage you can.

560
00:26:22,440 --> 00:26:24,940
Knowing I could get enough energy and protein

561
00:26:24,950 --> 00:26:28,110
was one thing, but seeing what a single animal-based meal

562
00:26:28,120 --> 00:26:30,790
could do to an athlete's blood sealed the deal.

563
00:26:31,950 --> 00:26:34,790
It was time to give this plant-based thing a try.

564
00:26:34,790 --> 00:26:37,290
But there was only one meal I could think of.

565
00:26:38,880 --> 00:26:41,000
Could I get two bean burritos, please?

566
00:26:43,300 --> 00:26:45,470
Bean.

567
00:26:45,930 --> 00:26:47,680
Thank you.

568
00:26:48,800 --> 00:26:50,010
When I went plant-based,

569
00:26:50,010 --> 00:26:52,970
I thought that it would be a longer transition,

570
00:26:53,180 --> 00:26:55,890
but I just immediately started feeling

571
00:26:55,890 --> 00:26:58,020
like I could go kick ass

572
00:26:58,020 --> 00:27:00,150
and not need the recovery in between.

573
00:27:00,150 --> 00:27:01,690
It... it was mind blowing to my teammates.

574
00:27:01,690 --> 00:27:03,150
They were tired of me saying,

575
00:27:03,150 --> 00:27:05,110
like, "Let's go again and again."

576
00:27:07,110 --> 00:27:11,200
Recovery is the most essential element

577
00:27:11,450 --> 00:27:13,750
of an elite athlete's existence.

578
00:27:14,540 --> 00:27:17,750
It's damage, repair, damage, repair

579
00:27:17,750 --> 00:27:19,290
and you do that over and over again.

580
00:27:19,290 --> 00:27:23,670
Because if you can do more work and more repair,

581
00:27:23,670 --> 00:27:25,340
you're gonna be the better athlete.

582
00:27:26,340 --> 00:27:27,510
Dotsie was right.

583
00:27:27,720 --> 00:27:29,670
Bouncing back quickly between workouts

584
00:27:29,680 --> 00:27:31,800
is a huge advantage for any athlete.

585
00:27:32,850 --> 00:27:35,770
But the idea that food could be the secret weapon,

586
00:27:36,480 --> 00:27:38,020
I had to find out more.

587
00:27:39,150 --> 00:27:41,390
Dr. Scott Stoll is a former Olympian

588
00:27:41,400 --> 00:27:43,860
and a team physician for the USA Olympic Team.

589
00:27:44,110 --> 00:27:45,780
I work with professional athletes

590
00:27:45,780 --> 00:27:47,860
that are very interested in protein.

591
00:27:47,860 --> 00:27:49,150
Protein's important,

592
00:27:49,160 --> 00:27:51,740
but which package is your protein coming in,

593
00:27:51,740 --> 00:27:53,490
is the better question to answer.

594
00:27:53,870 --> 00:27:56,990
The plant based protein versus the animal protein,

595
00:27:57,000 --> 00:28:00,960
which package is going to help the body overcome inflammation

596
00:28:00,960 --> 00:28:02,750
and help the body to recover.

597
00:28:03,630 --> 00:28:05,130
In animal products,

598
00:28:05,500 --> 00:28:09,090
you're getting protein packaged with inflammatory molecules

599
00:28:09,090 --> 00:28:13,220
like Neu5Gc, endotoxins and heme iron.

600
00:28:14,180 --> 00:28:19,020
When we consume animal products, it also changes the microbiome,

601
00:28:19,020 --> 00:28:20,730
the bacteria that live in our gut.

602
00:28:20,940 --> 00:28:22,770
And the bacterial species

603
00:28:23,020 --> 00:28:26,400
that have been shown to promote inflammation overgrow

604
00:28:26,400 --> 00:28:28,900
and begin to produce inflammatory mediators

605
00:28:28,900 --> 00:28:30,240
like TMAO.

606
00:28:32,240 --> 00:28:34,620
The study that showed that a single hamburger

607
00:28:34,620 --> 00:28:36,580
impairs blood flow also showed

608
00:28:36,580 --> 00:28:40,420
that it can increase measures of inflammation by 70 percent.

609
00:28:40,920 --> 00:28:43,830
In the arteries, inflammation reduces blood flow.

610
00:28:43,840 --> 00:28:46,630
In muscles and joints, it can increase soreness

611
00:28:46,630 --> 00:28:47,750
and delay recovery.

612
00:28:48,210 --> 00:28:51,970
In plant-based protein, you're getting protein

613
00:28:51,970 --> 00:28:54,260
that's packaged with antioxidants,

614
00:28:54,260 --> 00:28:56,850
phytochemicals, minerals, and vitamins

615
00:28:56,850 --> 00:28:58,260
that are gonna reduce inflammation,

616
00:28:58,270 --> 00:29:01,270
optimize the microbiome, optimize blood supply,

617
00:29:01,270 --> 00:29:04,360
and optimize your body's performance.

618
00:29:05,480 --> 00:29:08,270
The antioxidants Dr. Stoll was talking about

619
00:29:08,280 --> 00:29:10,860
are found almost entirely in plants,

620
00:29:10,860 --> 00:29:13,820
which have, on average, 64 times

621
00:29:13,820 --> 00:29:16,450
the antioxidant content of animal foods.

622
00:29:16,990 --> 00:29:19,990
Even iceberg lettuce has more antioxidants

623
00:29:20,000 --> 00:29:21,660
than salmon or eggs.

624
00:29:22,170 --> 00:29:24,830
As a result, switching to a plant-based diet

625
00:29:24,830 --> 00:29:26,790
can help reduce measures of inflammation

626
00:29:26,790 --> 00:29:29,840
by 29 percent in just three weeks.

627
00:29:31,010 --> 00:29:33,800
I was about ready to retire, as I should've been,

628
00:29:33,800 --> 00:29:35,800
because I'm like 35 at that time.

629
00:29:36,140 --> 00:29:37,800
But I just kept getting better,

630
00:29:37,800 --> 00:29:41,140
and so... ...they had to take me to the Olympics.

631
00:29:41,770 --> 00:29:45,020
We were complete underdogs as Team USA.

632
00:29:45,310 --> 00:29:48,400
In our semi-final ride against Australia,

633
00:29:48,650 --> 00:29:51,110
we were down by 1.7 seconds.

634
00:29:51,320 --> 00:29:53,240
No one's ever come back in team pursuit

635
00:29:53,240 --> 00:29:54,660
from a deficit that large.

636
00:29:57,120 --> 00:29:58,820
And we beat them on the line

637
00:29:58,830 --> 00:30:00,500
by eight one-hundredths of a second.

638
00:30:06,170 --> 00:30:09,040
I was 39 and a half years old

639
00:30:09,040 --> 00:30:10,550
when I stood on the Olympic podium.

640
00:30:10,550 --> 00:30:14,170
I'm still the oldest person, male or female,

641
00:30:14,180 --> 00:30:17,470
to even go to the Olympic Games in my event.

642
00:30:17,850 --> 00:30:21,760
My diet was the most powerful aspect

643
00:30:21,770 --> 00:30:25,770
to me being able to perform and produce for the US team

644
00:30:25,770 --> 00:30:27,270
at the Olympic Games.

645
00:30:31,690 --> 00:30:33,650
All of these athletes and their stories

646
00:30:33,650 --> 00:30:37,030
were impressive, but my goal from the beginning,

647
00:30:37,030 --> 00:30:39,240
was to recover from actual injuries,

648
00:30:39,240 --> 00:30:41,330
like the damage I'd done to my knees.

649
00:30:44,290 --> 00:30:46,330
And he's down at the line of scrimmage,

650
00:30:46,330 --> 00:30:48,370
in the arms of Derrick Morgan.

651
00:30:48,380 --> 00:30:50,920
Derrick Morgan had been on a similar journey.

652
00:30:50,920 --> 00:30:53,210
In the NFL, the injury rate is a 100 percent.

653
00:30:53,550 --> 00:30:55,710
It's a violent game.

654
00:30:55,720 --> 00:30:58,220
He's hit hard and goes down there.

655
00:30:58,220 --> 00:31:00,220
And so, how you respond to injury

656
00:31:00,220 --> 00:31:02,140
and how quickly you heal from injury

657
00:31:02,140 --> 00:31:05,100
is important because if you're not on the field,

658
00:31:05,100 --> 00:31:07,890
you're not helping the team. I was reading the research

659
00:31:07,900 --> 00:31:09,390
and seeing that a plant-based diet

660
00:31:09,400 --> 00:31:12,060
could be beneficial, specifically for recovery.

661
00:31:12,070 --> 00:31:13,860
And so I started incorporating it

662
00:31:14,110 --> 00:31:16,400
and I started seeing really good results with it.

663
00:31:16,400 --> 00:31:19,910
I was recovering better. I wasn't getting as sore.

664
00:31:19,910 --> 00:31:21,660
I was a lot less swollen.

665
00:31:22,240 --> 00:31:25,120
Basically, to confirm what I was feeling,

666
00:31:25,540 --> 00:31:26,580
I got my blood tested.

667
00:31:27,420 --> 00:31:29,750
Six months after being on the diet,

668
00:31:29,750 --> 00:31:31,130
all of my markers were down,

669
00:31:31,130 --> 00:31:33,090
my blood pressure, my cholesterol.

670
00:31:33,090 --> 00:31:34,670
But the main thing I was looking at

671
00:31:34,670 --> 00:31:37,840
was the inflammation marker in your blood and mine was...

672
00:31:38,300 --> 00:31:40,680
almost obsolete. It wasn't there anymore.

673
00:31:41,850 --> 00:31:43,140
A whole food, plant-based diet

674
00:31:43,140 --> 00:31:45,470
is gonna optimize the growth of blood vessels

675
00:31:45,470 --> 00:31:46,430
into damaged tissue,

676
00:31:47,560 --> 00:31:49,810
it's gonna lay down new tissue in tendons and muscles,

677
00:31:50,100 --> 00:31:52,060
it's gonna stimulate their immune system

678
00:31:52,060 --> 00:31:55,400
to fight off infections. So almost at every level,

679
00:31:55,820 --> 00:31:57,110
eating the right foods

680
00:31:57,110 --> 00:31:59,780
is going to accelerate the healing process.

681
00:32:01,280 --> 00:32:02,820
Six weeks into my personal

682
00:32:02,830 --> 00:32:03,910
plant based experiment,

683
00:32:05,120 --> 00:32:06,620
I went to the gym to see if I could notice a difference.

684
00:32:07,080 --> 00:32:09,290
I wasn't able to spar or wrestle yet,

685
00:32:09,290 --> 00:32:11,500
so I decided to hit the battling ropes.

686
00:32:12,210 --> 00:32:14,790
At my gym, lasting ten minutes on the ropes,

687
00:32:14,800 --> 00:32:15,920
gets your name on the wall.

688
00:32:16,260 --> 00:32:18,800
Only a few people had ever hit 20 minutes.

689
00:32:19,260 --> 00:32:21,090
Even at the peak of my conditioning,

690
00:32:21,090 --> 00:32:23,260
the most I'd ever got was eight minutes.

691
00:32:23,260 --> 00:32:26,060
- James, keep it going. - But on this day,

692
00:32:26,060 --> 00:32:27,770
I hit ten minutes easily.

693
00:32:28,640 --> 00:32:29,770
Then I hit 20...

694
00:32:30,400 --> 00:32:33,690
- thirty. - You're at 45 minutes.

695
00:32:34,310 --> 00:32:37,400
I thought, "Holy shit, I'm gonna do an hour."

696
00:32:38,150 --> 00:32:39,400
I went past the hour mark

697
00:32:39,400 --> 00:32:41,320
by about one minute and just thought,

698
00:32:41,910 --> 00:32:43,660
"All right, that'll do."

699
00:32:44,370 --> 00:32:46,120
I can't believe you just did that, man.

700
00:32:46,580 --> 00:32:49,450
The only thing that had changed was my diet.

701
00:32:51,420 --> 00:32:52,410
I could have kept going.

702
00:32:52,420 --> 00:32:54,000
That's way over the record right?

703
00:32:54,000 --> 00:32:56,130
Yeah. A freaking hour.

704
00:32:59,340 --> 00:33:00,670
When I was growing up

705
00:33:00,680 --> 00:33:04,180
the toughest guy in the world to me was my dad.

706
00:33:05,100 --> 00:33:07,180
He taught me the value of self-defense,

707
00:33:07,720 --> 00:33:10,600
and was always there to help me when I got into trouble.

708
00:33:13,400 --> 00:33:16,860
But now, he was the one who needed help.

709
00:33:19,190 --> 00:33:21,360
- You had a heart attack? - Correct.

710
00:33:21,650 --> 00:33:23,700
Had you had much in the way of symptoms prior

711
00:33:23,700 --> 00:33:26,410
- to this episode? - No, never before, the first...

712
00:33:26,410 --> 00:33:28,370
After my dad got out of the hospital

713
00:33:28,370 --> 00:33:30,240
following emergency heart surgery,

714
00:33:30,250 --> 00:33:33,250
we got on a Skype call with Dr. Caldwell Esselstyn,

715
00:33:33,250 --> 00:33:35,750
an internationally renowned heart disease researcher

716
00:33:35,750 --> 00:33:37,040
from the Cleveland Clinic.

717
00:33:37,380 --> 00:33:40,420
...uh, always been, I think, very fit.

718
00:33:40,710 --> 00:33:42,340
So somewhat of a surprise.

719
00:33:42,720 --> 00:33:44,380
Well, no, not a surprise.

720
00:33:44,890 --> 00:33:48,180
In all of western civilization, there is nothing more common

721
00:33:48,180 --> 00:33:49,720
than coronary artery heart disease,

722
00:33:49,930 --> 00:33:53,770
and that is because of the foods that most people eat every day.

723
00:33:54,310 --> 00:33:55,730
Do you happen to recall

724
00:33:55,730 --> 00:33:58,070
into which of your arteries that they placed the stent?

725
00:33:58,520 --> 00:34:00,690
Was it into the left anterior descending

726
00:34:00,690 --> 00:34:02,280
- or the right coronary... - After seeing how much

727
00:34:02,280 --> 00:34:03,990
a single animal-based meal

728
00:34:03,990 --> 00:34:05,780
can affect healthy young athletes,

729
00:34:05,780 --> 00:34:09,080
I couldn't help but wonder what a lifetime of these foods

730
00:34:09,080 --> 00:34:10,910
might have done to my father's heart.

731
00:34:11,540 --> 00:34:13,710
In all of our studies, we found the same thing...

732
00:34:14,160 --> 00:34:15,830
these same biological mechanisms

733
00:34:15,830 --> 00:34:17,920
that affect performance also affect our health.

734
00:34:18,210 --> 00:34:20,340
Chronic inflammation, oxidative stress

735
00:34:20,340 --> 00:34:24,260
- and endothelial function. - When you eat animal products,

736
00:34:24,510 --> 00:34:27,510
you start to form plaques in the coronary arteries.

737
00:34:27,970 --> 00:34:29,600
Plaque formation in the arteries

738
00:34:29,600 --> 00:34:32,390
doesn't just limit the function of the arteries,

739
00:34:32,390 --> 00:34:34,730
it can also block the blood flow,

740
00:34:34,730 --> 00:34:38,100
and that's when the heart starts to have some real problems

741
00:34:38,110 --> 00:34:40,070
keeping up with the demands of the body.

742
00:34:40,520 --> 00:34:43,110
In terms of heart disease, oftentimes there is confusion.

743
00:34:43,110 --> 00:34:44,280
People think that "Well,

744
00:34:44,280 --> 00:34:46,280
I don't eat red meat, so I'm okay."

745
00:34:46,570 --> 00:34:48,410
We know that it's more complicated than that.

746
00:34:48,410 --> 00:34:51,370
It's not just red meat. It's not just the fat.

747
00:34:51,870 --> 00:34:53,660
For nearly 50 years, we were told

748
00:34:53,660 --> 00:34:55,580
that the primary cause of heart disease

749
00:34:55,580 --> 00:34:57,460
was saturated fat and cholesterol,

750
00:34:57,670 --> 00:35:00,130
and that leaner meats, lower fat dairy products,

751
00:35:00,130 --> 00:35:01,800
and egg whites were the solution.

752
00:35:02,800 --> 00:35:03,760
But the research now shows

753
00:35:05,130 --> 00:35:06,630
that the other inflammatory compounds in animal foods,

754
00:35:06,630 --> 00:35:09,140
like those that can impair athletic recovery,

755
00:35:09,140 --> 00:35:10,720
also play a significant role

756
00:35:10,720 --> 00:35:12,430
in the development of heart disease.

757
00:35:12,640 --> 00:35:14,470
We're going to do a whole lot better

758
00:35:14,480 --> 00:35:16,480
by just getting rid of the animal products

759
00:35:16,480 --> 00:35:19,480
and there are really good biochemical reasons for that.

760
00:35:19,480 --> 00:35:21,770
Heme iron is one of them, for example.

761
00:35:22,150 --> 00:35:25,190
Heme iron is from an animal source, right?

762
00:35:25,200 --> 00:35:27,650
So, uh, most commonly you think red meat,

763
00:35:27,660 --> 00:35:30,200
even though poultry have it, fish has it.

764
00:35:30,200 --> 00:35:31,530
They did a meta-analysis

765
00:35:31,530 --> 00:35:35,830
looking over six prospective dietary studies

766
00:35:36,040 --> 00:35:38,790
over a 130,000 patients

767
00:35:38,790 --> 00:35:42,500
and they came to the conclusion that one milligram a day

768
00:35:42,500 --> 00:35:46,710
of heme iron is associated with a 27 percent increase

769
00:35:46,720 --> 00:35:48,760
in risk of coronary heart disease.

770
00:35:49,010 --> 00:35:52,600
To put that in perspective, an average hamburger patty...

771
00:35:52,600 --> 00:35:55,680
has about two to three milligrams.

772
00:35:55,890 --> 00:35:58,390
And it isn't just the iron in animal foods

773
00:35:58,390 --> 00:35:59,690
that can cause problems.

774
00:35:59,690 --> 00:36:02,650
It's actually the animal protein itself.

775
00:36:03,110 --> 00:36:04,440
It's not just red meat,

776
00:36:04,730 --> 00:36:07,530
not just chicken, not just eggs, not just milk.

777
00:36:07,530 --> 00:36:10,990
It's the ingestion of any animal protein.

778
00:36:11,200 --> 00:36:13,780
At that moment in time, a process begins

779
00:36:14,080 --> 00:36:16,080
at a chemical level inside the body.

780
00:36:16,540 --> 00:36:19,500
When the protein found in animal foods is cooked,

781
00:36:19,500 --> 00:36:22,580
preserved, or even just digested by our gut bacteria,

782
00:36:22,960 --> 00:36:25,170
highly inflammatory compounds are formed

783
00:36:25,170 --> 00:36:27,210
that corrode our cardiovascular system.

784
00:36:27,710 --> 00:36:30,720
This helps explain why people who get all of their protein

785
00:36:30,720 --> 00:36:35,060
from plants reduce their risk of heart disease by 55 percent.

786
00:36:35,560 --> 00:36:37,010
It would also help explain

787
00:36:37,020 --> 00:36:39,390
why the only diet that has ever been shown

788
00:36:39,390 --> 00:36:41,230
to actually reverse heart disease

789
00:36:41,230 --> 00:36:42,560
is a plant-based one.

790
00:36:42,560 --> 00:36:44,730
What we found is that in the first month,

791
00:36:44,730 --> 00:36:46,060
there was improvement in blood flow

792
00:36:46,070 --> 00:36:48,230
and the heart began to pump blood more normally.

793
00:36:48,240 --> 00:36:49,900
After a year, even severely clogged

794
00:36:49,900 --> 00:36:52,400
coronary arteries became measurably less clogged,

795
00:36:52,410 --> 00:36:54,070
and even more improvement after five years.

796
00:36:54,080 --> 00:36:56,080
But in the randomized control group, who were doing

797
00:36:56,080 --> 00:36:58,200
just what their doctors told them to do at the time,

798
00:36:58,410 --> 00:37:00,620
you know, less red meat, more fish and chicken,

799
00:37:00,620 --> 00:37:01,910
little exercise and so on,

800
00:37:01,920 --> 00:37:04,210
their arteries got more clogged after one year

801
00:37:04,420 --> 00:37:06,170
and even more clogged after five years.

802
00:37:07,090 --> 00:37:10,420
♪ Humpty Dumpty sat On the wall... ♪

803
00:37:10,430 --> 00:37:12,140
While all of this sounded promising,

804
00:37:12,340 --> 00:37:14,260
my dad didn't just need to get better,

805
00:37:14,510 --> 00:37:16,310
he needed to get better fast.

806
00:37:17,100 --> 00:37:20,270
The stents in his heart were only a temporary solution.

807
00:37:20,890 --> 00:37:22,480
He could have another heart attack

808
00:37:22,480 --> 00:37:23,900
at any moment.

809
00:37:27,440 --> 00:37:30,320
I found some hope at a firehouse in Brooklyn,

810
00:37:30,320 --> 00:37:31,690
where Dr. Esselstyn's son, Rip,

811
00:37:31,700 --> 00:37:34,280
a former firefighter and professional triathlete

812
00:37:34,280 --> 00:37:36,280
was launching some of New York's bravest

813
00:37:36,280 --> 00:37:38,030
on a powerful new program.

814
00:37:38,040 --> 00:37:40,200
What's the number one killer of firefighters

815
00:37:40,210 --> 00:37:41,410
in the line of duty?

816
00:37:41,960 --> 00:37:42,910
Heart attacks.

817
00:37:42,920 --> 00:37:45,540
Sixty-seven percent of firefighters

818
00:37:45,540 --> 00:37:48,250
who perish in the line of duty die of heart attacks.

819
00:37:48,800 --> 00:37:51,590
So this, right here, that is what we call

820
00:37:51,590 --> 00:37:53,800
a healthy artery.

821
00:37:53,800 --> 00:37:56,590
The blood can flow through this huge opening here.

822
00:37:56,600 --> 00:37:58,600
And this is what happens

823
00:37:58,600 --> 00:38:01,640
after decades on the meat and dairy diet.

824
00:38:02,600 --> 00:38:03,520
Okay.

825
00:38:03,890 --> 00:38:05,900
If you guys have been eating this way,

826
00:38:06,100 --> 00:38:08,860
I want you to take the seven-day rescue challenge.

827
00:38:10,400 --> 00:38:13,320
We bought you guys plant-based groceries.

828
00:38:13,530 --> 00:38:15,820
I want you to give yourselves the chance to see

829
00:38:15,820 --> 00:38:18,990
what your internal biochemistry does in just seven days.

830
00:38:19,830 --> 00:38:21,490
I know that my cholesterol is elevated.

831
00:38:21,500 --> 00:38:23,790
My LDL's are always very high.

832
00:38:23,790 --> 00:38:26,290
The same job that I was doing like ten years ago

833
00:38:26,290 --> 00:38:27,380
- without an effort... - Yeah.

834
00:38:28,630 --> 00:38:29,750
- ...is now taking an effort. - Despite working out all week,

835
00:38:29,750 --> 00:38:31,710
playing sports, my cholesterol is high

836
00:38:31,960 --> 00:38:34,010
and growing by about ten, fifteen points

837
00:38:34,010 --> 00:38:36,140
every year for the last five or six years.

838
00:38:36,390 --> 00:38:37,510
I realized a couple salads a week,

839
00:38:38,680 --> 00:38:40,600
- it doesn't really cut it. - I got two kids, you know, so...

840
00:38:41,140 --> 00:38:43,890
hopefully I'll feel better, have more energy and...

841
00:38:44,690 --> 00:38:46,020
add some years to my life.

842
00:38:49,820 --> 00:38:51,650
I went to see if I could get my dad

843
00:38:51,650 --> 00:38:53,570
to make these same changes to his diet

844
00:38:53,570 --> 00:38:55,030
as soon as possible.

845
00:38:55,950 --> 00:38:57,070
Well, what are you suggesting?

846
00:38:58,370 --> 00:38:59,280
- Well, let's do the shopping. - Tomatoes...

847
00:38:59,280 --> 00:39:00,990
...cucumber,

848
00:39:00,990 --> 00:39:02,950
we have hummus dips, blueberries, raspberries...

849
00:39:02,950 --> 00:39:05,080
But my dad can be a little stubborn.

850
00:39:05,370 --> 00:39:07,670
...soya yogurt and that's about it, I think.

851
00:39:07,670 --> 00:39:09,290
So I wasn't feeling that hopeful.

852
00:39:09,290 --> 00:39:10,550
We'll just drink tea.

853
00:39:13,050 --> 00:39:15,550
I come from a town called Melton Mowbray,

854
00:39:15,550 --> 00:39:18,550
known in England as the "Rural Capital of Food".

855
00:39:19,640 --> 00:39:22,560
It's the home of Stilton cheese and the world famous

856
00:39:22,560 --> 00:39:24,390
Melton Mowbray pork pie.

857
00:39:28,730 --> 00:39:31,560
The pace of change here is very slow.

858
00:39:31,570 --> 00:39:34,900
Tick 20, tick 22, tick 25...

859
00:39:34,900 --> 00:39:36,860
And my dad, like most of us,

860
00:39:36,860 --> 00:39:38,780
is a product of where he grew up.

861
00:39:41,330 --> 00:39:42,580
I just couldn't imagine

862
00:39:42,580 --> 00:39:44,490
someone as set in his ways as my father

863
00:39:44,500 --> 00:39:46,120
making such a big switch...

864
00:39:46,830 --> 00:39:49,170
On the top there, that's worth another 20 quid.

865
00:39:49,170 --> 00:39:50,250
Give us 50 quid, the lot.

866
00:39:51,590 --> 00:39:54,170
...until I got home and went back to the gym.

867
00:39:55,210 --> 00:39:56,880
You push me? Go here.

868
00:39:57,930 --> 00:40:00,510
I've spent years working out with Lucious Smith.

869
00:40:00,930 --> 00:40:04,720
He was a cornerback in the NFL, has a black belt in jujitsu...

870
00:40:04,930 --> 00:40:06,810
and was my strength and conditioning coach.

871
00:40:06,810 --> 00:40:08,640
That's it, that's it, that's it. More arms. More arms.

872
00:40:08,640 --> 00:40:10,020
I told Lou about the research

873
00:40:10,020 --> 00:40:12,360
I'd been doing and what happened to my dad,

874
00:40:12,860 --> 00:40:15,150
and he'd never mentioned this before and he said,

875
00:40:15,440 --> 00:40:16,940
"I've been on a plant-based diet

876
00:40:16,950 --> 00:40:18,990
- for almost ten years." - Okay, rotate.

877
00:40:20,370 --> 00:40:24,740
Lou is 60-years-old, not far off my father's age.

878
00:40:25,450 --> 00:40:26,620
Most guys my age

879
00:40:26,620 --> 00:40:28,250
can't keep up with their grandchildren.

880
00:40:28,620 --> 00:40:30,500
My grandchildren can't keep up with me.

881
00:40:31,120 --> 00:40:32,790
When I went from an animal-based diet

882
00:40:32,790 --> 00:40:36,130
to a plant-based diet, my blood pressure went down

883
00:40:36,130 --> 00:40:38,090
to, like, 110 over 70.

884
00:40:38,680 --> 00:40:43,010
My heart rate sometimes has been under 50, like, 48, 47.

885
00:40:43,640 --> 00:40:45,850
I'm more focused, I'm more relaxed

886
00:40:46,100 --> 00:40:48,520
and I notice that I have a lot more energy

887
00:40:48,520 --> 00:40:50,140
because of the plant-based diet.

888
00:40:50,810 --> 00:40:53,810
Come on, come on! Oh, man, come on, come on, come on!

889
00:40:53,810 --> 00:40:56,110
People in their 20s, they come in here,

890
00:40:56,480 --> 00:40:57,780
we do a workout,

891
00:40:58,190 --> 00:41:01,740
I sustain the workout a lot easier than they do.

892
00:41:02,450 --> 00:41:05,990
We can come in here and do 800, listen to what I just said.

893
00:41:06,490 --> 00:41:11,120
Eight hundred kettlebell swings and snatches in one workout.

894
00:41:11,500 --> 00:41:12,790
They can't make it!

895
00:41:14,210 --> 00:41:15,210
I'm not kidding you.

896
00:41:15,670 --> 00:41:18,010
They can't hang, man, I'm telling you.

897
00:41:18,260 --> 00:41:19,260
They can't hang.

898
00:41:23,510 --> 00:41:25,340
There was another guy my dad's age,

899
00:41:25,350 --> 00:41:27,140
who had also made a big change.

900
00:41:29,520 --> 00:41:31,060
I ate a lot of meat.

901
00:41:31,520 --> 00:41:34,860
I ate my ten, 15 eggs a day

902
00:41:35,110 --> 00:41:39,270
and, you know, I had my 250 grams of protein a day,

903
00:41:39,280 --> 00:41:40,990
because I weighed 250 pounds.

904
00:41:41,320 --> 00:41:44,160
The one and only Arnold Schwarzenegger!

905
00:41:44,530 --> 00:41:46,530
But as I got older and as I started

906
00:41:46,530 --> 00:41:49,080
reading up on it, I recognized the fact

907
00:41:49,080 --> 00:41:51,910
that you really don't have to get your protein from meat

908
00:41:51,910 --> 00:41:54,540
or from animals, as far as that goes.

909
00:41:54,920 --> 00:41:59,040
So we started going more in a direction of the vegetarian

910
00:41:59,050 --> 00:42:00,090
kind of a diet.

911
00:42:00,550 --> 00:42:02,090
Now with doing it the right way,

912
00:42:02,090 --> 00:42:03,970
with the right spices, all of a sudden,

913
00:42:04,470 --> 00:42:07,100
I love it much more than the meat.

914
00:42:07,560 --> 00:42:10,180
And, you know, the cholesterol went down

915
00:42:10,390 --> 00:42:13,060
to around 109. It was the lowest

916
00:42:13,060 --> 00:42:15,600
that it ever was in my entire life.

917
00:42:16,440 --> 00:42:18,610
At almost 69.

918
00:42:20,570 --> 00:42:23,400
What we eat has a major impact on our health and our well being

919
00:42:23,400 --> 00:42:24,530
in every way we can measure.

920
00:42:24,740 --> 00:42:27,070
People who eat a diet that's high in animal protein

921
00:42:27,330 --> 00:42:29,410
have a 75 percent increased risk

922
00:42:29,410 --> 00:42:31,160
of premature death from all causes,

923
00:42:31,410 --> 00:42:32,950
and a four to five hundred percent

924
00:42:32,960 --> 00:42:35,410
increased risk of death from most forms of cancer,

925
00:42:35,420 --> 00:42:38,750
prostate, breast, colon cancer, as well as type two diabetes.

926
00:42:38,750 --> 00:42:42,090
The amino acids that come from animal sources

927
00:42:42,090 --> 00:42:45,630
tend to make our cells rev up and multiply faster.

928
00:42:45,640 --> 00:42:47,890
For example, there is accumulating evidence

929
00:42:47,890 --> 00:42:50,300
that high consumption of proteins from dairy sources

930
00:42:50,310 --> 00:42:53,180
is related to a higher risk of prostate cancer.

931
00:42:53,180 --> 00:42:56,600
That chain of cancer causation actually seems pretty clear.

932
00:42:57,400 --> 00:43:00,440
Cancer has been linked to other animal foods as well.

933
00:43:00,440 --> 00:43:03,280
Research funded by The National Cancer Institute

934
00:43:03,280 --> 00:43:05,940
found that vegetarians who add one or more servings

935
00:43:05,950 --> 00:43:08,360
per week of white meat, like chicken or fish

936
00:43:08,370 --> 00:43:10,910
more than triple their risk of colon cancer.

937
00:43:11,370 --> 00:43:14,040
So it's not one set of dietary guidelines

938
00:43:14,040 --> 00:43:16,120
for improving your performance as an athlete,

939
00:43:16,120 --> 00:43:17,870
another one for reversing heart disease,

940
00:43:17,880 --> 00:43:19,290
a different one for reversing diabetes,

941
00:43:19,290 --> 00:43:21,380
a different one for reversing prostate cancer.

942
00:43:21,380 --> 00:43:22,550
It's the same for all of them.

943
00:43:23,920 --> 00:43:26,130
As groundbreaking as al of this nutritional science was,

944
00:43:26,590 --> 00:43:28,430
I also found it really confusing.

945
00:43:28,760 --> 00:43:30,430
How could meat be so bad for us

946
00:43:30,430 --> 00:43:33,680
if that's what our ancestors were supposedly built to eat?

947
00:43:34,140 --> 00:43:36,230
When we think about the diet of early humans,

948
00:43:36,230 --> 00:43:38,520
we're often drawn to thinking about meat,

949
00:43:38,520 --> 00:43:40,810
but plant foods were more important

950
00:43:40,810 --> 00:43:43,820
than the archaeological record gives credit for.

951
00:43:44,150 --> 00:43:47,490
The food that could be relied on wherever you were

952
00:43:47,700 --> 00:43:49,490
was the plant food.

953
00:43:49,950 --> 00:43:52,120
The popular perception of what early humans ate

954
00:43:52,120 --> 00:43:54,990
dates back to the 1930's to 1940's,

955
00:43:55,000 --> 00:43:57,410
when there was some amazing finds

956
00:43:57,410 --> 00:44:00,920
of early human ancestors, animal bones and tools

957
00:44:00,920 --> 00:44:03,000
that very much looked like they may have been used

958
00:44:03,000 --> 00:44:05,210
to butcher and maim those animals.

959
00:44:05,210 --> 00:44:07,010
So very early on, we had this notion

960
00:44:07,010 --> 00:44:09,590
that meat had a disproportionately larger role

961
00:44:09,590 --> 00:44:10,970
in the diet of early human ancestors

962
00:44:10,970 --> 00:44:12,260
than it actually did.

963
00:44:12,260 --> 00:44:14,560
The bias in the archeological record

964
00:44:14,560 --> 00:44:16,520
towards stone and bone preservation

965
00:44:16,520 --> 00:44:20,480
over things like plants has led to a very skewed view.

966
00:44:20,850 --> 00:44:22,650
If we look at deep time,

967
00:44:22,860 --> 00:44:26,030
bones and stone tools preserve very well,

968
00:44:26,440 --> 00:44:28,740
but plants decay very rapidly.

969
00:44:30,070 --> 00:44:32,870
What's exciting though, is in the last decade

970
00:44:32,870 --> 00:44:33,990
we've started to realize

971
00:44:34,200 --> 00:44:37,870
microscopic fossils of plants do preserve quite well

972
00:44:38,290 --> 00:44:39,290
and so we're revisiting

973
00:44:39,290 --> 00:44:41,330
some of these earlier Paleolithic sites

974
00:44:41,330 --> 00:44:44,250
and finding abundant evidence of plants.

975
00:44:44,550 --> 00:44:45,630
Advanced technologies

976
00:44:45,880 --> 00:44:48,210
like those used to analyze the gladiator bones,

977
00:44:48,220 --> 00:44:50,300
have allowed scientists to take a closer look

978
00:44:50,300 --> 00:44:53,640
at the tools, bones and teeth of our ancestors,

979
00:44:53,850 --> 00:44:56,060
leading to the discovery that early humans

980
00:44:56,060 --> 00:44:57,430
ate mostly plants.

981
00:44:58,020 --> 00:45:00,730
And the reason for this is actually quite simple.

982
00:45:00,730 --> 00:45:04,150
Humans do not have any specialized genetic,

983
00:45:04,150 --> 00:45:06,860
anatomical, or physiological adaptations

984
00:45:06,860 --> 00:45:09,030
to meat consumption. By contrast,

985
00:45:09,030 --> 00:45:12,570
we have many adaptations to plant consumption.

986
00:45:13,070 --> 00:45:16,530
We have longer digestive tracts than do carnivores,

987
00:45:16,540 --> 00:45:19,950
and this allows humans to digest plants and fibers

988
00:45:19,960 --> 00:45:22,580
that require longer processing time.

989
00:45:22,580 --> 00:45:26,590
We also lack the ability to produce our own vitamin C.

990
00:45:26,880 --> 00:45:28,750
Vitamin C is found in plants,

991
00:45:28,760 --> 00:45:31,090
so the fact that we cannot make our own,

992
00:45:31,090 --> 00:45:35,050
indicates just how reliant upon plants we actually are.

993
00:45:35,720 --> 00:45:37,640
This is why we have trichromatic vision.

994
00:45:37,930 --> 00:45:40,020
This is very different from carnivores,

995
00:45:40,020 --> 00:45:41,770
which have dichromatic vision.

996
00:45:41,980 --> 00:45:45,310
We can see more colors and this is very important,

997
00:45:45,310 --> 00:45:49,280
especially if you need to find fresh, ripe fruit.

998
00:45:50,450 --> 00:45:54,860
We have a brain that just is desperate for glucose.

999
00:45:54,870 --> 00:45:56,950
Is a... I mean, it's such a fussy organ.

1000
00:45:56,950 --> 00:45:59,240
That's the only thing it really takes in for energy.

1001
00:45:59,450 --> 00:46:00,950
Well, meat's not a very good source

1002
00:46:00,960 --> 00:46:01,960
of glucose.

1003
00:46:02,290 --> 00:46:03,660
To have a big brain like this,

1004
00:46:03,670 --> 00:46:05,460
you need to eat something different,

1005
00:46:05,460 --> 00:46:08,000
and the most efficient way to get glucose

1006
00:46:08,000 --> 00:46:09,510
is to eat carbohydrates.

1007
00:46:11,050 --> 00:46:12,550
But what about our teeth?

1008
00:46:12,550 --> 00:46:15,010
Aren't they proof that we're built to eat meat?

1009
00:46:15,640 --> 00:46:17,300
In primates,

1010
00:46:17,310 --> 00:46:19,010
you might think canine teeth are associated

1011
00:46:19,020 --> 00:46:20,770
with a diet of meat, but they're not.

1012
00:46:21,100 --> 00:46:24,230
In gorillas, when males want to intimidate other males,

1013
00:46:24,230 --> 00:46:27,310
they will show the length of their formidable canines.

1014
00:46:27,310 --> 00:46:30,150
On the other hand, carnivores have distinctive teeth

1015
00:46:30,150 --> 00:46:32,110
and they're shaped like scissor blades.

1016
00:46:32,110 --> 00:46:34,490
They simply shred the meat off and they swallow.

1017
00:46:34,490 --> 00:46:36,780
Compare that to the teeth of a human being,

1018
00:46:36,780 --> 00:46:38,280
square and low-cusped,

1019
00:46:38,280 --> 00:46:40,490
for crushing and grinding tough plant tissues.

1020
00:46:40,830 --> 00:46:44,120
Right there in your own mouth is the best evidence we have

1021
00:46:44,120 --> 00:46:46,170
for a diet that could not have been meat.

1022
00:46:46,580 --> 00:46:51,630
If you just got placed in some ancestral environment,

1023
00:46:51,840 --> 00:46:54,260
the best thing you could be equipped with

1024
00:46:54,590 --> 00:46:56,050
is not a very sharp spear.

1025
00:46:56,430 --> 00:46:58,510
The most important thing you could be equipped with

1026
00:46:58,510 --> 00:47:01,890
is knowledge of which plants you can eat.

1027
00:47:02,430 --> 00:47:04,140
Suddenly, it all made sense.

1028
00:47:04,430 --> 00:47:07,350
The reason an animal based diet isn't good for us

1029
00:47:07,350 --> 00:47:09,520
is because our bodies aren't built for it.

1030
00:47:09,860 --> 00:47:11,900
It's simply the wrong type of fuel.

1031
00:47:12,280 --> 00:47:15,240
The only thing that really didn't fit was B12,

1032
00:47:15,240 --> 00:47:17,860
an important vitamin that everyone kept warning me

1033
00:47:17,870 --> 00:47:19,830
you could only get from animal foods.

1034
00:47:20,030 --> 00:47:23,620
It turns out that B12 isn't made by animals after all.

1035
00:47:23,870 --> 00:47:25,200
It's made by bacteria

1036
00:47:25,210 --> 00:47:27,920
that these animals consume in the soil and water.

1037
00:47:28,330 --> 00:47:31,710
Just like with protein, animals are only the middlemen.

1038
00:47:32,130 --> 00:47:33,630
Before industrial farming,

1039
00:47:33,840 --> 00:47:36,210
farm animals and humans could get B12

1040
00:47:36,220 --> 00:47:38,300
by eating traces of dirt on plant foods

1041
00:47:38,310 --> 00:47:41,150
or by drinking water from rivers or streams.

1042
00:47:41,150 --> 00:47:44,650
But now, because pesticides, antibiotics and chlorine

1043
00:47:44,650 --> 00:47:47,070
kill the bacteria that produce this vitamin,

1044
00:47:47,070 --> 00:47:49,990
even farm animals have to be given B12 supplements.

1045
00:47:49,990 --> 00:47:52,280
And up to 39 percent of people tested,

1046
00:47:52,280 --> 00:47:55,710
including meat eaters, are low in B12.

1047
00:47:56,290 --> 00:48:00,080
As a result, the best way for humans to get enough B12,

1048
00:48:00,080 --> 00:48:02,170
whether they eat animal foods or not,

1049
00:48:02,170 --> 00:48:04,130
is simply to take a supplement.

1050
00:48:07,880 --> 00:48:09,720
When I caught up with Scott a full month

1051
00:48:09,720 --> 00:48:11,260
into his 2200 mile trek,

1052
00:48:11,470 --> 00:48:14,060
he had fallen well behind record pace.

1053
00:48:14,970 --> 00:48:16,850
Not even a week into the journey,

1054
00:48:16,850 --> 00:48:19,060
I'd developed a quadricep tear.

1055
00:48:21,110 --> 00:48:23,060
I had to start thinking, "Okay, how am I going

1056
00:48:23,070 --> 00:48:24,690
to get through this?"

1057
00:48:26,650 --> 00:48:28,280
There are no rest days when you're setting

1058
00:48:28,280 --> 00:48:29,780
a speed record on the Appalachian Trail.

1059
00:48:29,780 --> 00:48:30,860
Let's do this!

1060
00:48:30,860 --> 00:48:31,910
I needed to recover

1061
00:48:32,120 --> 00:48:34,370
while I was still pushing my body to the brink,

1062
00:48:34,660 --> 00:48:37,290
waking up the next day, and the next day after that

1063
00:48:37,290 --> 00:48:38,870
and doing the same thing.

1064
00:48:39,210 --> 00:48:41,250
I really had to trust in my training

1065
00:48:41,250 --> 00:48:44,500
and trust in my nutrition to help me get up each morning

1066
00:48:44,500 --> 00:48:47,260
at 4:30 and put another 50 miles in.

1067
00:48:48,260 --> 00:48:50,970
With only 12 days left to break the record,

1068
00:48:50,970 --> 00:48:54,100
Scott still had 550 miles left to go.

1069
00:48:58,480 --> 00:49:00,480
They were experiencing record rainfall in Vermont

1070
00:49:00,480 --> 00:49:03,020
when I went through. And there was just no way

1071
00:49:03,020 --> 00:49:04,730
that I could be prepared for it.

1072
00:49:06,230 --> 00:49:07,980
I was trying to make up all the ground

1073
00:49:07,990 --> 00:49:09,530
that I had lost with the injury.

1074
00:49:10,030 --> 00:49:12,070
Trying to get back on record pace,

1075
00:49:12,320 --> 00:49:14,740
getting two to three hours of sleep, or less,

1076
00:49:14,740 --> 00:49:16,200
night after night, after night.

1077
00:49:17,120 --> 00:49:19,830
Going over some of the most remote stretches,

1078
00:49:19,830 --> 00:49:21,790
I put in 26 hours straight.

1079
00:49:23,170 --> 00:49:25,250
But the Appalachian Trail keeps throwing

1080
00:49:25,250 --> 00:49:28,710
more and more mountains at you, it never really lets up.

1081
00:49:30,220 --> 00:49:33,010
And by the time I actually got to New Hampshire,

1082
00:49:33,510 --> 00:49:37,060
the White Mountains just... obliterated me.

1083
00:49:42,690 --> 00:49:44,520
With less than two weeks remaining,

1084
00:49:44,520 --> 00:49:47,190
Patrik continued training for his world record attempt,

1085
00:49:47,190 --> 00:49:49,440
to carry more weight than anyone in history.

1086
00:49:49,440 --> 00:49:51,240
I started lifting weights

1087
00:49:51,240 --> 00:49:52,700
when I was 14 years old,

1088
00:49:53,200 --> 00:49:54,450
because I was kind of wimpy

1089
00:49:54,450 --> 00:49:56,080
and small... ...in that time.

1090
00:49:56,620 --> 00:49:58,870
And I wanted to be some kind of hero,

1091
00:49:59,080 --> 00:50:01,040
able to help if something happened.

1092
00:50:01,370 --> 00:50:02,830
This is my mom and dad.

1093
00:50:06,170 --> 00:50:07,550
When I was four years old,

1094
00:50:08,000 --> 00:50:11,460
my dad, my mom and my little sister,

1095
00:50:11,470 --> 00:50:15,590
she was six months old, they were in a car accident.

1096
00:50:16,550 --> 00:50:17,560
And...

1097
00:50:18,470 --> 00:50:20,520
only my mom survived the accident.

1098
00:50:23,100 --> 00:50:24,850
So when I was young, I had these fantasies

1099
00:50:24,850 --> 00:50:29,070
of, uh, being super-strong, and if someone got trapped,

1100
00:50:29,480 --> 00:50:31,400
being able to help them get out.

1101
00:50:56,590 --> 00:50:58,300
For any guy watching that day,

1102
00:50:58,300 --> 00:51:00,390
it wasn't just a car Patrik had crushed.

1103
00:51:00,600 --> 00:51:03,270
It was a myth they'd been fed their entire lives.

1104
00:51:03,850 --> 00:51:06,560
Steak. That's what a man eats.

1105
00:51:06,560 --> 00:51:08,020
Made from stuff guys need.

1106
00:51:08,020 --> 00:51:09,570
Eat like a man, man.

1107
00:51:09,980 --> 00:51:12,940
There is no one that can relate to that better than I do

1108
00:51:12,940 --> 00:51:16,280
because I've lived in that world.

1109
00:51:17,030 --> 00:51:19,580
Steak... is for men.

1110
00:51:19,910 --> 00:51:20,740
- Go meat! - Go meat!

1111
00:51:21,790 --> 00:51:23,200
They show these commercials, burgers,

1112
00:51:23,500 --> 00:51:25,540
- George Foreman with the grill. - Yeah!

1113
00:51:25,540 --> 00:51:27,710
And the big sandwiches and all that stuff.

1114
00:51:27,710 --> 00:51:30,040
Eat like a man and be full like a man.

1115
00:51:30,040 --> 00:51:33,500
This is great, great marketing by the meat industry.

1116
00:51:33,510 --> 00:51:34,970
Serious man food.

1117
00:51:35,380 --> 00:51:38,550
Selling that idea that real men eat meat.

1118
00:51:38,550 --> 00:51:40,300
You'll look like more of a man

1119
00:51:40,300 --> 00:51:42,350
with a quarter pounder in your hand.

1120
00:51:42,350 --> 00:51:44,310
But you've got to understand, that's marketing.

1121
00:51:44,520 --> 00:51:46,390
That's not based on reality.

1122
00:51:47,650 --> 00:51:49,650
Okay, I'm gonna take you down to the exam room.

1123
00:51:49,650 --> 00:51:51,860
When I think of a manly man, I think of somebody

1124
00:51:51,860 --> 00:51:54,610
who has strength, endurance,

1125
00:51:55,320 --> 00:51:58,450
sexual prowess and fertility. In fact,

1126
00:51:58,450 --> 00:52:00,280
what the scientific studies are showing

1127
00:52:00,660 --> 00:52:03,660
is that the more meat men eat,

1128
00:52:03,660 --> 00:52:06,920
the more quickly they lose their manly manhood.

1129
00:52:07,420 --> 00:52:09,370
The blood test with the Miami Dolphins

1130
00:52:09,380 --> 00:52:11,670
measured how a single meal could affect blood flow

1131
00:52:11,670 --> 00:52:14,630
throughout the entire body. I asked Dr. Spitz

1132
00:52:14,630 --> 00:52:16,300
if he could conduct an experiment

1133
00:52:16,300 --> 00:52:19,340
with three collegiate athletes, but this time,

1134
00:52:19,340 --> 00:52:22,050
on a more specific part of the male anatomy.

1135
00:52:22,470 --> 00:52:25,310
So...

1136
00:52:25,310 --> 00:52:26,520
...here's a model of the penis.

1137
00:52:27,060 --> 00:52:29,850
Dr. Spitz is the lead delegate of urology

1138
00:52:29,850 --> 00:52:31,690
for the American Medical Association.

1139
00:52:31,900 --> 00:52:35,320
When it comes to the penis, he literally wrote the book.

1140
00:52:35,610 --> 00:52:37,900
Now, you're gonna be putting this device on yourself.

1141
00:52:38,240 --> 00:52:40,160
One ring goes on the base of the penis,

1142
00:52:40,660 --> 00:52:44,570
and the other ring goes on at the tip of the penis,

1143
00:52:44,580 --> 00:52:46,250
just behind the head of the penis.

1144
00:52:46,500 --> 00:52:49,620
It knows how tight to squeeze to know

1145
00:52:49,830 --> 00:52:52,040
when an erection's starting, because when it squeezes

1146
00:52:52,040 --> 00:52:55,500
it'll determine, "Oh, it's now of a larger circumference.

1147
00:52:55,510 --> 00:52:56,550
Something's happening."

1148
00:52:56,800 --> 00:52:59,630
What we're going to look at is what effect

1149
00:52:59,630 --> 00:53:02,760
the meal you have has on your erections that night

1150
00:53:02,760 --> 00:53:05,470
and you're gonna be eating two different kinds of meals.

1151
00:53:06,350 --> 00:53:07,850
For this study, on the first night,

1152
00:53:07,850 --> 00:53:11,770
we gave the guys burritos that had meat.

1153
00:53:12,110 --> 00:53:13,940
Beef, chicken, pork.

1154
00:53:14,400 --> 00:53:18,900
But really high quality meats, grass-fed, organic.

1155
00:53:18,900 --> 00:53:20,150
On the second night,

1156
00:53:20,150 --> 00:53:22,280
we gave them very similar burritos

1157
00:53:22,280 --> 00:53:24,910
but we swapped out the animal portions

1158
00:53:24,910 --> 00:53:27,740
- for a plant-based protein. - This is really good.

1159
00:53:27,740 --> 00:53:29,200
I thought this was gonna be nasty,

1160
00:53:29,210 --> 00:53:30,370
I'm not gonna lie.

1161
00:53:30,790 --> 00:53:32,160
I didn't think we were gonna eat a burrito.

1162
00:53:32,170 --> 00:53:33,580
I thought we were gonna get a salad.

1163
00:53:37,510 --> 00:53:39,420
This study is gonna take advantage

1164
00:53:39,420 --> 00:53:41,470
of a natural function

1165
00:53:41,760 --> 00:53:43,800
that occurs in men when they sleep.

1166
00:53:44,430 --> 00:53:48,350
Men's bodies create erections, and this occurs

1167
00:53:48,350 --> 00:53:50,890
throughout the night while the subject is asleep.

1168
00:53:51,440 --> 00:53:54,270
And once an erection happens, this device can sense it

1169
00:53:54,270 --> 00:53:58,570
and a printout is generated of how firm the erection was,

1170
00:53:58,570 --> 00:54:01,320
how long it lasted and how many of them there were,

1171
00:54:01,780 --> 00:54:04,910
to see if we can see a physical effect

1172
00:54:05,120 --> 00:54:06,740
on erections as a result

1173
00:54:06,740 --> 00:54:08,160
of what they just ate for dinner.

1174
00:54:09,040 --> 00:54:11,370
This is where we take a look at the results.

1175
00:54:11,710 --> 00:54:13,830
So, Mason, I'm gonna give you your results first.

1176
00:54:13,830 --> 00:54:15,670
- Cool. - Let you take those out.

1177
00:54:15,670 --> 00:54:17,130
- All right. - Okay?

1178
00:54:17,590 --> 00:54:20,800
The bigger the circumference, the harder the erection,

1179
00:54:21,050 --> 00:54:22,510
and so you'll notice

1180
00:54:22,510 --> 00:54:25,630
that that first circle, which is the... the meat meal...

1181
00:54:25,640 --> 00:54:27,300
- Mm-hmm. - ...is not as big

1182
00:54:27,300 --> 00:54:29,640
a circle is not as hard an erection,

1183
00:54:29,850 --> 00:54:32,940
as that second circle, the vegan meal.

1184
00:54:33,310 --> 00:54:34,650
Now, let's look at the second sheet.

1185
00:54:34,940 --> 00:54:36,810
- The second sheet is a... a... - Oh, my God.

1186
00:54:36,810 --> 00:54:39,520
...accumulation of how many erections

1187
00:54:39,530 --> 00:54:42,200
and for how long you had over the course of the night.

1188
00:54:42,490 --> 00:54:45,740
So that first stubby graph...

1189
00:54:46,280 --> 00:54:47,530
...is really... It's not the size

1190
00:54:47,530 --> 00:54:49,410
- of your penis. - I'm so dead. I'm struggling.

1191
00:54:49,410 --> 00:54:51,660
It's not the size of your penis, it's how...

1192
00:54:51,660 --> 00:54:53,790
how many minutes throughout the night

1193
00:54:53,790 --> 00:54:55,420
- you had erections. - Wow.

1194
00:54:56,000 --> 00:54:57,580
Blake, let's take a look at your results.

1195
00:54:57,590 --> 00:54:58,830
- Oh, no. - Okay.

1196
00:54:58,840 --> 00:55:01,170
Hold composure. I'm ready.

1197
00:55:02,130 --> 00:55:03,670
- And, look, again... - Yup.

1198
00:55:03,670 --> 00:55:06,840
...like Mason, uh, you were more erect

1199
00:55:07,140 --> 00:55:09,760
after the plant-based diet than the meat-based diet.

1200
00:55:09,760 --> 00:55:12,310
Okay, how about how often you had erections.

1201
00:55:12,520 --> 00:55:13,850
- Oh-oh. - Wow!

1202
00:55:16,730 --> 00:55:18,690
That's almost a 500 percent difference.

1203
00:55:18,690 --> 00:55:20,440
Dang, man. That's crazy.

1204
00:55:20,440 --> 00:55:21,770
Blake, are you ready for yours?

1205
00:55:21,780 --> 00:55:23,780
- Give me the dossier. - All right, here you go.

1206
00:55:25,700 --> 00:55:28,860
You had about a 13 percent change

1207
00:55:28,870 --> 00:55:31,080
in the hardness of your erections.

1208
00:55:31,540 --> 00:55:32,490
Okay, let's look at...

1209
00:55:33,080 --> 00:55:35,790
how many or how long you had erections for.

1210
00:55:36,000 --> 00:55:39,710
Bro. Oh, fuck!

1211
00:55:39,920 --> 00:55:41,840
- Show it, dang it! - Yeah.

1212
00:55:41,840 --> 00:55:45,840
Don't hold out. Oh!

1213
00:55:46,380 --> 00:55:50,050
Bro, that's an hour, bro.

1214
00:55:51,560 --> 00:55:56,190
So you guys all had a very similar response

1215
00:55:56,850 --> 00:55:58,230
to the meat meal

1216
00:55:58,230 --> 00:56:01,060
- versus the plant meal. - That's crazy.

1217
00:56:01,070 --> 00:56:04,070
Yeah, like, growing up, if I saw some big dude at a restaurant

1218
00:56:04,070 --> 00:56:06,190
eating a big old steak and it's all, like, "Oh, I...

1219
00:56:06,490 --> 00:56:08,070
I need to be like that." And then, like, I see,

1220
00:56:08,070 --> 00:56:10,490
like, a guy ordering a salad off the menu, I'm, like...

1221
00:56:10,490 --> 00:56:12,620
- He's soft, right? - Yeah, I'm like, "Oh, that guy.

1222
00:56:12,620 --> 00:56:13,700
- what's he doing?" - Yeah, he's soft.

1223
00:56:13,700 --> 00:56:14,910
But really at the end of night,

1224
00:56:14,910 --> 00:56:16,580
I think the guy eating the big steak is soft,

1225
00:56:16,580 --> 00:56:20,080
and then the other guy is hard.

1226
00:56:20,080 --> 00:56:23,420
So, when you take your date out on Valentine's Day,

1227
00:56:23,420 --> 00:56:24,750
where are you gonna take them to eat?

1228
00:56:24,760 --> 00:56:26,010
- To the Veggie Grill, son. - Okay,

1229
00:56:26,220 --> 00:56:27,840
- the Veggie Grill. - Yeah, I was just thinking about that.

1230
00:56:27,840 --> 00:56:30,130
Now, this is not a scientifically

1231
00:56:30,140 --> 00:56:31,260
validated study,

1232
00:56:31,260 --> 00:56:32,550
but the results that we're seeing

1233
00:56:32,550 --> 00:56:33,600
are very exciting.

1234
00:56:33,970 --> 00:56:37,440
I think this is going to wake a lot of people up.

1235
00:56:37,690 --> 00:56:39,770
I think it's gonna wake up people who have penises,

1236
00:56:39,770 --> 00:56:41,600
and I think it's gonna wake up people who like people

1237
00:56:41,610 --> 00:56:42,770
who have penises.

1238
00:56:44,360 --> 00:56:47,570
While all this talk about erections was interesting,

1239
00:56:47,570 --> 00:56:49,450
it also made me wonder about hormones.

1240
00:56:49,860 --> 00:56:52,120
Specifically, testosterone.

1241
00:56:52,870 --> 00:56:55,910
I've never eaten a piece of meat in my entire life,

1242
00:56:55,910 --> 00:56:58,540
and I've never had an issue with testosterone.

1243
00:56:58,540 --> 00:57:00,620
I've gotten blood tests and all my levels

1244
00:57:00,630 --> 00:57:02,580
are right where they need to be.

1245
00:57:02,590 --> 00:57:04,670
And clearly, I don't have any trouble building muscle.

1246
00:57:05,210 --> 00:57:07,670
Studies comparing men who eat animal foods,

1247
00:57:07,670 --> 00:57:10,470
with men who don't, have consistently demonstrated

1248
00:57:10,470 --> 00:57:12,840
no difference in testosterone levels.

1249
00:57:13,390 --> 00:57:14,970
I found this hard to believe,

1250
00:57:14,970 --> 00:57:17,390
since plant-based diets often include soy products,

1251
00:57:17,810 --> 00:57:20,930
which I'd always been told were loaded with estrogen.

1252
00:57:20,940 --> 00:57:22,600
I post a lot of my food

1253
00:57:22,610 --> 00:57:25,190
and if it includes any type of soy products,

1254
00:57:25,190 --> 00:57:26,570
out of a hundred comments,

1255
00:57:26,570 --> 00:57:28,820
you've got 20 to 30 of them saying,

1256
00:57:28,820 --> 00:57:31,900
"Hey, well, I heard that soy raises estrogen levels."

1257
00:57:31,910 --> 00:57:32,950
Well, that's not the case.

1258
00:57:34,200 --> 00:57:36,660
Soy, it turns out, contains phytoestrogens.

1259
00:57:36,990 --> 00:57:38,950
Compounds that look like estrogens

1260
00:57:38,960 --> 00:57:40,870
but can actually have the opposite effect,

1261
00:57:41,330 --> 00:57:43,830
blocking some of our bodies' estrogen receptors

1262
00:57:43,840 --> 00:57:46,500
and preventing real dietary sources of estrogen

1263
00:57:46,500 --> 00:57:47,510
from taking hold.

1264
00:57:48,050 --> 00:57:50,170
The foods that contain real estrogens

1265
00:57:50,170 --> 00:57:53,590
are animal foods, like chicken, eggs, and dairy,

1266
00:57:53,590 --> 00:57:55,640
which can have a significant impact

1267
00:57:55,640 --> 00:57:56,970
on our hormone levels.

1268
00:57:57,350 --> 00:57:58,720
Simply drinking cow's milk

1269
00:57:58,720 --> 00:58:00,810
can increase a man's estrogen levels

1270
00:58:00,810 --> 00:58:03,560
by 26 percent in just one hour,

1271
00:58:03,900 --> 00:58:06,110
while dropping their testosterone levels

1272
00:58:06,110 --> 00:58:07,320
by 18 percent.

1273
00:58:07,690 --> 00:58:09,860
Another hormone strongly connected to diet

1274
00:58:09,860 --> 00:58:13,570
is cortisol, a stress hormone linked to reduced muscle mass

1275
00:58:13,570 --> 00:58:15,240
and increased body fat.

1276
00:58:15,870 --> 00:58:18,950
Research has shown that people who replace animal foods

1277
00:58:18,950 --> 00:58:20,910
with high carbohydrate plant foods

1278
00:58:20,910 --> 00:58:23,370
experience an average drop in cortisol levels

1279
00:58:23,370 --> 00:58:25,040
of 27 percent.

1280
00:58:25,880 --> 00:58:27,380
This is what I always heard, like,

1281
00:58:27,380 --> 00:58:31,380
you can't go lean, you can't go shredded, vegan.

1282
00:58:31,380 --> 00:58:32,720
Because you have so much carbs.

1283
00:58:33,300 --> 00:58:35,890
But I'm standing here in the best shape of my life.

1284
00:58:36,260 --> 00:58:37,350
Easy.

1285
00:58:38,560 --> 00:58:40,260
I already knew that processed carbs

1286
00:58:40,270 --> 00:58:43,100
like white flour and sugar can lead to weight gain,

1287
00:58:43,310 --> 00:58:44,600
but what I didn't realize is

1288
00:58:44,600 --> 00:58:46,980
that unprocessed carbohydrates like oats,

1289
00:58:46,980 --> 00:58:48,860
bananas and sweet potatoes

1290
00:58:49,070 --> 00:58:51,610
are associated with decreased body fat.

1291
00:58:55,860 --> 00:58:58,240
An eight-week weight-training trial also found

1292
00:58:58,240 --> 00:59:00,660
that those consuming a normal amount of carbs

1293
00:59:00,660 --> 00:59:03,120
gained 2.9 pounds of muscle mass,

1294
00:59:03,120 --> 00:59:04,790
while those in the low-carb group

1295
00:59:04,790 --> 00:59:06,250
actually lost muscle.

1296
00:59:06,830 --> 00:59:08,580
A typical bodybuilding diet

1297
00:59:08,590 --> 00:59:10,210
is a very low carb diet,

1298
00:59:10,210 --> 00:59:13,380
so these guys that haven't had a carb in two weeks,

1299
00:59:13,720 --> 00:59:15,720
they're walking around like zombies.

1300
00:59:15,720 --> 00:59:18,550
I'm backstage eating all the carbs that I want.

1301
00:59:18,930 --> 00:59:20,060
They're like, "How are you

1302
00:59:20,260 --> 00:59:22,220
eating that right now and you look this shredded?"

1303
00:59:27,310 --> 00:59:28,480
Back in Nashville,

1304
00:59:28,480 --> 00:59:30,730
Derrick introduced me to his wife Charity,

1305
00:59:30,730 --> 00:59:31,940
a professional chef

1306
00:59:31,940 --> 00:59:34,440
who had helped inspire a big transformation.

1307
00:59:34,440 --> 00:59:35,820
- Hey... - Nice to meet you.

1308
00:59:35,820 --> 00:59:37,450
When I started cooking plant-based,

1309
00:59:37,450 --> 00:59:39,780
whatever I made for dinner, I made a bunch of it

1310
00:59:40,200 --> 00:59:41,030
and would send it over

1311
00:59:42,080 --> 00:59:43,040
to the facility for Derrick to eat for lunch.

1312
00:59:44,160 --> 00:59:46,870
Because I knew he had no options other than a side salad.

1313
00:59:46,880 --> 00:59:49,670
You've seen Derrick. Do you think a side salad

1314
00:59:50,210 --> 00:59:51,500
is gonna fill him up?

1315
00:59:51,800 --> 00:59:52,880
Yeah, I love to eat.

1316
00:59:53,340 --> 00:59:55,970
In the beginning I was like, I gotta psych myself out

1317
00:59:55,970 --> 00:59:58,300
to say I don't care about flavor anymore.

1318
00:59:58,760 --> 01:00:00,430
It wasn't really a sacrifice.

1319
01:00:00,930 --> 01:00:02,600
She was still cooking, you know,

1320
01:00:02,810 --> 01:00:05,390
mac and cheese and chicken wings.

1321
01:00:05,390 --> 01:00:06,940
Just plant based.

1322
01:00:07,900 --> 01:00:10,100
It's taking that love that you have for food

1323
01:00:10,110 --> 01:00:12,980
and just changing it over to better ingredients.

1324
01:00:13,740 --> 01:00:15,280
And so I brought it into the cafeteria

1325
01:00:15,280 --> 01:00:17,030
and I had teammates coming up to me.

1326
01:00:17,030 --> 01:00:19,620
Guys were taking jabs and cracking their jokes.

1327
01:00:19,820 --> 01:00:20,990
At the end of the day,

1328
01:00:22,240 --> 01:00:24,160
the reason why I was doing it was to become a better player,

1329
01:00:24,160 --> 01:00:26,240
which inevitably is gonna help the team.

1330
01:00:26,250 --> 01:00:29,710
Players started looking over, like, "Okay, that smells good."

1331
01:00:30,040 --> 01:00:32,000
They were like, "Whatever you send Derrick, send me."

1332
01:00:32,000 --> 01:00:33,590
And I was like, "All right, good."

1333
01:00:33,840 --> 01:00:35,550
It started with five guys,

1334
01:00:35,840 --> 01:00:38,800
and now, middle of season, 13 players.

1335
01:00:39,130 --> 01:00:41,890
I never intended this to be a business at all.

1336
01:00:42,180 --> 01:00:45,640
But the last 15 years, we haven't been to the playoffs.

1337
01:00:45,640 --> 01:00:48,140
So I'm gonna do anything that I could do

1338
01:00:48,140 --> 01:00:50,850
- to help this team. - There she go. How you doing?

1339
01:00:50,860 --> 01:00:52,650
How you doing? Hopefully you're hungry.

1340
01:00:52,650 --> 01:00:53,900
Oh, definitely.

1341
01:00:54,400 --> 01:00:55,690
Sundays are good.

1342
01:00:56,030 --> 01:00:58,360
After the game, me and... and the guys

1343
01:00:58,360 --> 01:01:00,240
are always looking forward to meal time.

1344
01:01:01,870 --> 01:01:03,370
- How you doing? - Hey, how you doing?

1345
01:01:03,370 --> 01:01:05,200
- You come with an empty stomach? - Yeah.

1346
01:01:05,580 --> 01:01:07,740
There's some good times in this kitchen.

1347
01:01:10,540 --> 01:01:11,880
These are plant based burgers.

1348
01:01:12,290 --> 01:01:15,210
Grill up, smell, and taste like beef.

1349
01:01:16,210 --> 01:01:19,170
And I'm making truffle mac and cheese,

1350
01:01:19,470 --> 01:01:20,970
buffalo wings,

1351
01:01:21,390 --> 01:01:22,800
kale caesar salad,

1352
01:01:23,050 --> 01:01:26,720
crispy Brussels sprouts with a smoked sauce reduction,

1353
01:01:26,970 --> 01:01:29,220
and we'll finish off with a peanut butter cheesecake.

1354
01:01:29,230 --> 01:01:30,640
- Mm. - Mm.

1355
01:01:30,650 --> 01:01:32,400
- Oh, yeah... - Yeah.

1356
01:01:33,150 --> 01:01:34,980
- Thank you, babe. - Thank you.

1357
01:01:35,230 --> 01:01:37,150
So you guys have all eaten Charity's meal plan

1358
01:01:37,150 --> 01:01:38,360
- that she's done? - Mm-hmm.

1359
01:01:38,360 --> 01:01:40,070
And before what was your perception?

1360
01:01:40,070 --> 01:01:42,490
Well, I actually talked bad about y'all

1361
01:01:42,490 --> 01:01:45,200
for like, a couple weeks.

1362
01:01:45,200 --> 01:01:47,080
Did you think you needed meat to be like, strong and athletic?

1363
01:01:47,080 --> 01:01:48,750
Right, that's exactly what I thought.

1364
01:01:49,120 --> 01:01:51,120
I told him, I feel like, my whole childhood life

1365
01:01:51,120 --> 01:01:54,080
was a lie.

1366
01:01:54,090 --> 01:01:56,090
I definitely thought I was gonna miss it.

1367
01:01:56,090 --> 01:01:58,550
And honestly, I haven't even thought about it again.

1368
01:01:58,550 --> 01:01:59,630
I feel more energized,

1369
01:01:59,630 --> 01:02:01,550
feel stronger. It was pretty dope.

1370
01:02:01,800 --> 01:02:03,050
And what about the taste?

1371
01:02:03,590 --> 01:02:05,430
- It tastes really good. - The meals

1372
01:02:05,430 --> 01:02:07,720
were always looking good, and I found myself sitting

1373
01:02:07,720 --> 01:02:09,350
in the locker staring at what they eating.

1374
01:02:09,810 --> 01:02:10,970
So, you know, I tried it

1375
01:02:10,980 --> 01:02:12,430
and honestly, I mean, I felt a difference.

1376
01:02:12,440 --> 01:02:15,480
And, you know, I was just able to just perform consistently.

1377
01:02:15,770 --> 01:02:18,360
Yeah, you caught your first touchdown after you switched over, right?

1378
01:02:18,360 --> 01:02:21,280
Yeah.

1379
01:02:25,370 --> 01:02:27,120
Six months into my new diet,

1380
01:02:27,120 --> 01:02:29,620
my strength, endurance and recovery

1381
01:02:29,620 --> 01:02:30,910
were better than ever.

1382
01:02:31,540 --> 01:02:33,290
My dad's health was on the mend.

1383
01:02:34,080 --> 01:02:35,960
Even my wife and kids were on board.

1384
01:02:37,710 --> 01:02:39,170
But I was also pissed off.

1385
01:02:39,510 --> 01:02:41,930
Why didn't everyone know about this?

1386
01:02:42,800 --> 01:02:44,640
And then, I remembered my grandfather,

1387
01:02:44,970 --> 01:02:47,600
who died of heart failure at the age of 63

1388
01:02:47,800 --> 01:02:49,770
after more than four decades of smoking.

1389
01:02:50,810 --> 01:02:54,310
A paratrooper in World War II, he got hooked on cigarettes

1390
01:02:54,310 --> 01:02:56,480
during a time when young people like him

1391
01:02:56,480 --> 01:02:57,810
were being sold the idea

1392
01:02:57,820 --> 01:03:00,150
that smoking was actually good for you.

1393
01:03:01,900 --> 01:03:03,530
Babe Ruth, idol of millions...

1394
01:03:03,530 --> 01:03:04,820
To sell this idea,

1395
01:03:04,820 --> 01:03:07,320
the tobacco industry turned to famous athletes,

1396
01:03:07,320 --> 01:03:09,700
the ultimate symbols of fitness and health.

1397
01:03:10,490 --> 01:03:12,950
After a game, Carl Furillo of the Dodgers,

1398
01:03:12,960 --> 01:03:15,910
looks for a mild cigarette. A Camel, of course.

1399
01:03:15,920 --> 01:03:17,210
But right around the time

1400
01:03:17,210 --> 01:03:19,420
Babe Ruth died from throat cancer

1401
01:03:19,420 --> 01:03:20,300
in his early 50's,

1402
01:03:21,510 --> 01:03:22,760
the scientific evidence was starting stack up,

1403
01:03:23,010 --> 01:03:25,170
so, a new marketing plan was required.

1404
01:03:25,180 --> 01:03:27,090
According to this nationwide survey,

1405
01:03:27,090 --> 01:03:30,720
more doctors smoke Camels than any other cigarette.

1406
01:03:30,930 --> 01:03:34,020
For years, the tobacco industry said

1407
01:03:34,020 --> 01:03:36,690
that their cigarettes did not cause cancer.

1408
01:03:37,020 --> 01:03:40,730
And they trotted out their own paid researchers

1409
01:03:40,980 --> 01:03:44,190
to come out with statements to confuse the issue.

1410
01:03:45,610 --> 01:03:47,070
- Despite their efforts... - Brought to you

1411
01:03:47,070 --> 01:03:49,200
- by Marlboro... - ...cigarette ads

1412
01:03:49,200 --> 01:03:51,540
were eventually banned from sports broadcasting.

1413
01:03:52,330 --> 01:03:54,370
Just in time for another big industry

1414
01:03:54,370 --> 01:03:57,370
to step up to the plate and start playing the same game.

1415
01:03:57,380 --> 01:03:59,250
- What's in the bag? - Big Mac.

1416
01:03:59,710 --> 01:04:00,710
Play you for it.

1417
01:04:01,880 --> 01:04:02,710
With a new generation of athletes.

1418
01:04:04,880 --> 01:04:07,380
Including me.

1419
01:04:08,340 --> 01:04:10,390
But it wasn't long before the evidence

1420
01:04:10,390 --> 01:04:13,140
against animal foods started stacking up as well.

1421
01:04:13,470 --> 01:04:17,020
Now, that playbook is being used by the food industry.

1422
01:04:17,020 --> 01:04:19,520
She's from the National Cattlemen's

1423
01:04:19,520 --> 01:04:20,730
Beef Association.

1424
01:04:20,730 --> 01:04:22,690
They're gonna hire their so-called experts...

1425
01:04:22,690 --> 01:04:24,980
Well, I'm first of all, a registered dietitian

1426
01:04:24,990 --> 01:04:26,530
and nutrition scientist and I'm a mom.

1427
01:04:26,530 --> 01:04:28,780
...to create just enough confusion.

1428
01:04:28,780 --> 01:04:30,240
Are you saying with processed meat

1429
01:04:30,240 --> 01:04:33,280
that it is not, in your view, carcinogenic?

1430
01:04:33,290 --> 01:04:36,290
I don't say that it supports a sufficient relationship.

1431
01:04:36,290 --> 01:04:37,620
And they make it seem

1432
01:04:37,620 --> 01:04:40,000
as though there's doubt about what we're talking about.

1433
01:04:40,000 --> 01:04:42,420
This is not a link, a causal link

1434
01:04:42,420 --> 01:04:45,630
between red and processed meat and any type of cancer.

1435
01:04:45,630 --> 01:04:49,340
But would you recommend reducing meat intake?

1436
01:04:49,340 --> 01:04:52,010
- No, not at all. - How on earth is the viewer

1437
01:04:52,010 --> 01:04:53,680
supposed to make sense of all of this?

1438
01:04:54,140 --> 01:04:56,220
With overwhelming scientific evidence

1439
01:04:56,230 --> 01:04:57,430
connecting animal foods

1440
01:04:57,440 --> 01:04:59,680
to many of the most common deadly disease

1441
01:04:59,690 --> 01:05:03,440
I discovered that the meat, dairy and egg industries

1442
01:05:03,440 --> 01:05:05,320
have engaged in a covert response,

1443
01:05:05,690 --> 01:05:08,110
funding studies that deny this evidence

1444
01:05:08,110 --> 01:05:10,660
while burying their involvement in the fine print.

1445
01:05:11,570 --> 01:05:14,240
One of the hired guns paid to conduct these studies

1446
01:05:14,240 --> 01:05:15,830
is Exponent Incorporated,

1447
01:05:15,830 --> 01:05:19,080
a company whose research was used by the tobacco industry

1448
01:05:19,290 --> 01:05:21,960
to deny the connection between secondhand smoke

1449
01:05:21,960 --> 01:05:22,960
and cancer.

1450
01:05:24,300 --> 01:05:27,260
For more than 50 years, Exponent has generated studies

1451
01:05:27,260 --> 01:05:30,050
that challenge the health risks of everything from asbestos,

1452
01:05:30,300 --> 01:05:33,100
arsenic, and mercury, to animal foods.

1453
01:05:33,300 --> 01:05:37,260
The formula works beautifully for people selling food.

1454
01:05:37,270 --> 01:05:39,640
It works beautifully for people selling drugs

1455
01:05:39,640 --> 01:05:42,150
to treat the diseases that bad food causes.

1456
01:05:42,400 --> 01:05:44,820
And, it works beautifully for the media,

1457
01:05:45,150 --> 01:05:48,820
which can give us a new story about diet every day.

1458
01:05:48,820 --> 01:05:50,280
Here we go again.

1459
01:05:50,280 --> 01:05:52,910
New guidelines are muddled and confusing

1460
01:05:52,910 --> 01:05:54,490
and not by accident.

1461
01:05:54,490 --> 01:05:56,990
- Eggs are in. - So happy about the eggs.

1462
01:05:56,990 --> 01:05:58,290
I know, I'm happy about the eggs.

1463
01:05:58,290 --> 01:06:01,000
- Eating bacon is okay. - Absolutely!

1464
01:06:01,210 --> 01:06:03,460
- Okay. Butter? - Butter. Butter is back.

1465
01:06:03,750 --> 01:06:06,920
But despite the appearance in our media

1466
01:06:07,130 --> 01:06:08,510
of confusion,

1467
01:06:08,800 --> 01:06:10,590
there is massive global consensus

1468
01:06:10,590 --> 01:06:13,220
about the fundamentals of a health promoting diet

1469
01:06:13,220 --> 01:06:16,180
and it's a diet that every time,

1470
01:06:16,390 --> 01:06:18,970
no matter whether it's high in fat or low in fat,

1471
01:06:18,970 --> 01:06:20,270
higher in carbs, lower in carbs,

1472
01:06:20,270 --> 01:06:22,850
in every population, every kind of research,

1473
01:06:23,150 --> 01:06:26,440
it's a plant food predominant diet, every time.

1474
01:06:30,570 --> 01:06:33,240
Just when I thought I'd uncovered every dark secret

1475
01:06:33,240 --> 01:06:34,860
of the animal foods industry,

1476
01:06:34,870 --> 01:06:38,200
I got invited to train a paramilitary group in Zimbabwe

1477
01:06:38,200 --> 01:06:39,370
with a special mission.

1478
01:06:39,750 --> 01:06:41,870
Yeah, so just be very careful, guys. Stay on the...

1479
01:06:41,870 --> 01:06:43,210
stay on the rocks.

1480
01:06:44,210 --> 01:06:46,670
Yeah.

1481
01:06:47,130 --> 01:06:48,880
So these guys are now listed

1482
01:06:48,880 --> 01:06:49,880
as critically endangered.

1483
01:06:50,920 --> 01:06:51,760
There's only about 5,000 of them left on the planet.

1484
01:06:53,300 --> 01:06:55,550
They've basically been hunted to extinction

1485
01:06:55,550 --> 01:06:57,550
because of the value of their horn.

1486
01:06:57,760 --> 01:06:59,470
Around 40,000 dollars a pound.

1487
01:07:04,560 --> 01:07:06,190
Damien Mander is a retired

1488
01:07:06,190 --> 01:07:08,020
Special Operations sniper

1489
01:07:08,020 --> 01:07:10,530
who completed 12 tours of duty in Iraq.

1490
01:07:11,280 --> 01:07:12,570
He's also the founder

1491
01:07:12,570 --> 01:07:15,400
of the International Anti-Poaching Foundation.

1492
01:07:15,410 --> 01:07:16,910
The poacher will maybe have an ax or a knife,

1493
01:07:16,910 --> 01:07:18,950
- so we're trying to disarm them. - Yeah, yeah.

1494
01:07:19,580 --> 01:07:22,410
So he's gonna thrust with the knife.

1495
01:07:23,330 --> 01:07:25,330
Here.

1496
01:07:26,500 --> 01:07:29,040
We are the SEAL Team Six of conservation.

1497
01:07:29,630 --> 01:07:33,260
We're the guys that go in and stop the hemorrhaging.

1498
01:07:34,010 --> 01:07:36,720
- Okay? - Yeah. I'll stick to my AK-47...

1499
01:07:36,720 --> 01:07:38,430
- Yeah. - ...you stick to that.

1500
01:07:38,640 --> 01:07:41,720
I lived every young boys' dream, jumping out of choppers,

1501
01:07:41,720 --> 01:07:44,270
blowing shit up. Stuff that most kids, uh,

1502
01:07:44,270 --> 01:07:46,230
can only dream of doing on a PlayStation.

1503
01:07:47,110 --> 01:07:49,480
I came to Africa because I was looking

1504
01:07:49,480 --> 01:07:51,230
for the next six month adventure.

1505
01:07:52,360 --> 01:07:55,070
I saw a bull elephant that had had its face cut off,

1506
01:07:55,280 --> 01:07:56,650
tusks that had been taken.

1507
01:07:56,660 --> 01:07:58,280
The whole elephant sitting there dead

1508
01:07:58,530 --> 01:08:01,700
because some guy wants to have a tusk on his desk.

1509
01:08:02,120 --> 01:08:03,450
What sort of ambush is this called?

1510
01:08:03,750 --> 01:08:05,040
- Linear. - Linear ambush. Very...

1511
01:08:05,370 --> 01:08:08,250
I had money and I had skills that could help these rangers.

1512
01:08:08,250 --> 01:08:09,460
...using the minimum amount

1513
01:08:09,460 --> 01:08:10,920
of force required to get the job done.

1514
01:08:10,920 --> 01:08:13,630
And I made the choice to dedicate my life...

1515
01:08:14,420 --> 01:08:16,970
to helping these guys protect these animals.

1516
01:08:24,980 --> 01:08:28,140
After making that choice, though, I started to realize

1517
01:08:28,150 --> 01:08:30,650
that every day, I was going out on patrol

1518
01:08:30,650 --> 01:08:34,030
and protecting one animal, and coming home at night

1519
01:08:34,320 --> 01:08:36,450
and putting another animal on the fire.

1520
01:08:37,200 --> 01:08:38,450
And I knew I was...

1521
01:08:39,530 --> 01:08:41,070
I knew I was full of shit.

1522
01:08:41,620 --> 01:08:43,540
I created this flexible morality

1523
01:08:43,830 --> 01:08:47,330
that was convenient for me, because if you don't eat meat,

1524
01:08:47,330 --> 01:08:49,250
you're some sort of vegan that shrivels up

1525
01:08:49,250 --> 01:08:50,290
into a string bean.

1526
01:08:50,960 --> 01:08:53,420
In my mind I justified it, there's enough cows

1527
01:08:53,420 --> 01:08:55,220
on the planet. They're not gonna go extinct.

1528
01:08:55,630 --> 01:08:56,880
But the longer I thought about it,

1529
01:08:56,880 --> 01:09:00,680
the more I started to accept what I already knew.

1530
01:09:01,050 --> 01:09:03,300
The easiest way to protect other animals

1531
01:09:03,310 --> 01:09:05,720
is just not to put them in your mouth.

1532
01:09:07,310 --> 01:09:09,560
This whole fantasy that we need meat

1533
01:09:09,560 --> 01:09:12,190
to get our protein, it's actually bullshit.

1534
01:09:12,520 --> 01:09:13,810
I mean, look at a gorilla.

1535
01:09:13,820 --> 01:09:16,030
A gorilla will fuck you up in two seconds.

1536
01:09:16,030 --> 01:09:18,070
What does a gorilla eat?

1537
01:09:18,530 --> 01:09:19,700
I just do the same things

1538
01:09:19,700 --> 01:09:21,490
as these big gray things out here

1539
01:09:21,490 --> 01:09:23,530
that we're trying to protect, elephant and rhino.

1540
01:09:24,240 --> 01:09:26,790
I just, uh, stick to plants.

1541
01:09:30,960 --> 01:09:32,250
The rangers that we support

1542
01:09:32,460 --> 01:09:34,580
patrol five million acres of wilderness

1543
01:09:34,590 --> 01:09:36,800
protecting these endangered species.

1544
01:09:38,720 --> 01:09:42,100
But the actual biggest threat we have is the meat industry,

1545
01:09:42,600 --> 01:09:45,060
and the land that they are continually taking away

1546
01:09:45,720 --> 01:09:48,020
from what we have left of these natural...

1547
01:09:48,980 --> 01:09:50,270
wilderness areas.

1548
01:09:51,230 --> 01:09:54,520
Inch by inch, yard by yard, mile by mile.

1549
01:10:03,410 --> 01:10:06,410
About three-quarters of all the agricultural land

1550
01:10:06,620 --> 01:10:10,250
in the world, is used for livestock production,

1551
01:10:10,250 --> 01:10:14,460
and it imposes a huge cost on biodiversity.

1552
01:10:14,460 --> 01:10:17,250
And what is the single biggest source

1553
01:10:17,260 --> 01:10:18,590
of habitat destruction?

1554
01:10:18,920 --> 01:10:21,380
It's the livestock sector.

1555
01:10:21,380 --> 01:10:24,890
Meat, dairy, egg and fish farming

1556
01:10:24,890 --> 01:10:27,430
use 83 percent of the world's farmland,

1557
01:10:27,890 --> 01:10:31,310
yet provide only 18 percent of the world's calories.

1558
01:10:31,690 --> 01:10:35,270
The reason livestock require so much land is because,

1559
01:10:35,270 --> 01:10:37,940
once again, animals are just the middlemen,

1560
01:10:38,150 --> 01:10:39,690
consuming on average,

1561
01:10:39,690 --> 01:10:42,490
six times more protein than they produce.

1562
01:10:43,570 --> 01:10:45,660
With more than 70 billion animals

1563
01:10:45,660 --> 01:10:47,120
consumed globally each year,

1564
01:10:47,120 --> 01:10:50,330
growing animal feed requires vast amounts of land,

1565
01:10:50,620 --> 01:10:52,370
making it one of the leading drivers

1566
01:10:52,370 --> 01:10:53,750
of deforestation.

1567
01:10:54,670 --> 01:10:57,130
It also requires huge amounts of water.

1568
01:10:57,800 --> 01:11:00,250
Meat plays a disproportionately large role

1569
01:11:00,260 --> 01:11:02,680
in causing this overuse of freshwater.

1570
01:11:03,050 --> 01:11:06,130
Twenty-five percent of the rivers in the world

1571
01:11:06,140 --> 01:11:08,600
no longer reach the ocean, because we're taking out

1572
01:11:08,600 --> 01:11:11,100
so much water to produce animal feed.

1573
01:11:11,480 --> 01:11:14,230
Water has been fed into the grain

1574
01:11:14,230 --> 01:11:16,020
that's been fed to the cattle.

1575
01:11:16,560 --> 01:11:19,230
The cattle's been made into beef.

1576
01:11:19,980 --> 01:11:25,030
One hamburger is 2400 liters of embedded water.

1577
01:11:25,360 --> 01:11:27,160
That's a heck of a lot of water.

1578
01:11:27,490 --> 01:11:29,490
All told, more than a quarter

1579
01:11:29,490 --> 01:11:31,660
of humanity's fresh water consumption goes

1580
01:11:31,660 --> 01:11:33,120
to produce animal foods.

1581
01:11:33,500 --> 01:11:35,960
And it's not just water depletion that's an issue,

1582
01:11:36,330 --> 01:11:38,000
it's also water pollution.

1583
01:11:38,960 --> 01:11:41,000
In the United States, for example,

1584
01:11:41,020 --> 01:11:44,470
farm animals produce nearly 50 times more waste per year

1585
01:11:44,480 --> 01:11:46,480
than its entire human population,

1586
01:11:46,850 --> 01:11:50,190
polluting rivers, lakes and groundwater

1587
01:11:50,190 --> 01:11:51,570
all across the country.

1588
01:11:52,690 --> 01:11:54,940
The livestock sector is responsible

1589
01:11:54,950 --> 01:11:59,160
for 15 percent of global man-made emissions.

1590
01:11:59,370 --> 01:12:01,030
So to put that in perspective,

1591
01:12:01,370 --> 01:12:04,120
that's about the same as all the emissions

1592
01:12:04,120 --> 01:12:07,710
from all the forms of transport in the world, all the planes,

1593
01:12:07,710 --> 01:12:11,500
trains, cars, vans, and ships all added up.

1594
01:12:12,050 --> 01:12:14,590
Agriculture is not only the biggest culprit

1595
01:12:14,800 --> 01:12:17,840
threatening the future for humanity on earth,

1596
01:12:18,220 --> 01:12:19,470
it is also the biggest

1597
01:12:19,680 --> 01:12:22,310
and most important silver bullet to a solution.

1598
01:12:22,930 --> 01:12:24,850
In the US, where meat consumption

1599
01:12:24,850 --> 01:12:26,980
is three times the global average,

1600
01:12:26,980 --> 01:12:29,020
shifting away from an animal-based diet

1601
01:12:29,020 --> 01:12:31,060
would reduce agricultural emissions

1602
01:12:31,070 --> 01:12:32,570
by up to 73 percent

1603
01:12:32,780 --> 01:12:37,240
and save one million liters of water per person, per year.

1604
01:12:37,700 --> 01:12:40,450
Globally, this shift would free up a total area

1605
01:12:40,450 --> 01:12:42,070
of land the size of Africa,

1606
01:12:42,080 --> 01:12:43,990
taking pressure off many of the world's

1607
01:12:43,990 --> 01:12:46,830
most endangered ecosystems and species.

1608
01:12:47,580 --> 01:12:50,370
The message is overwhelming, both for public health

1609
01:12:50,380 --> 01:12:53,750
and environmental reasons. The more plants you can eat

1610
01:12:53,750 --> 01:12:56,670
and the less meat and dairy you can consume, the better.

1611
01:12:58,840 --> 01:13:00,840
After learning how much is at stake

1612
01:13:00,850 --> 01:13:02,720
if we don't change the way we eat,

1613
01:13:02,970 --> 01:13:05,430
I went back to Brooklyn to find some hope.

1614
01:13:05,810 --> 01:13:07,940
- How are you doing with the weight? - It's good.

1615
01:13:08,810 --> 01:13:09,810
It's good.

1616
01:13:10,440 --> 01:13:13,310
- One-thirty over 80. - Yeah, see?

1617
01:13:13,320 --> 01:13:14,730
Did you do it right

1618
01:13:14,730 --> 01:13:16,570
- the whole seven days? - Yeah, the entire time.

1619
01:13:16,570 --> 01:13:17,940
- You did? Good for you. - Yeah.

1620
01:13:17,950 --> 01:13:19,690
After eating a meal, I didn't feel like,

1621
01:13:19,700 --> 01:13:22,070
"Oh, I gotta go find a couch to sit on or lay down."

1622
01:13:22,070 --> 01:13:23,820
- Like, that I actually felt energized... - Right. Right.

1623
01:13:23,830 --> 01:13:25,580
...and I could jump on the bicycle

1624
01:13:25,580 --> 01:13:26,790
or go on the treadmill

1625
01:13:26,790 --> 01:13:28,410
- or something. - Or fight a fire.

1626
01:13:29,000 --> 01:13:30,540
She said it was down 11.

1627
01:13:30,540 --> 01:13:31,920
- Eleven pounds? - Yeah.

1628
01:13:32,210 --> 01:13:35,170
Your cholesterol was 262.

1629
01:13:35,380 --> 01:13:38,130
- Right. - All right? Which is elevated,

1630
01:13:38,130 --> 01:13:39,720
- much higher than we wanna be. - Right. Mm-hmm.

1631
01:13:39,970 --> 01:13:44,930
- Today? A 176. - Wow! Almost a 100 points, huh?

1632
01:13:44,930 --> 01:13:46,560
- That's fantastic! - Yeah.

1633
01:13:48,100 --> 01:13:50,100
- Thank you. - On your blood pressure,

1634
01:13:50,100 --> 01:13:52,100
you dropped 16.

1635
01:13:52,110 --> 01:13:53,650
- Wow. That's really good. - On your systolic,

1636
01:13:53,650 --> 01:13:56,690
and two on your diastolic, so you're now 130 over 82

1637
01:13:56,690 --> 01:13:58,440
as opposed to 146 over 84.

1638
01:13:58,440 --> 01:14:00,320
- Fantastic. Little bump there. - Yeah!

1639
01:14:01,320 --> 01:14:03,820
Your cholesterol was 276.

1640
01:14:04,070 --> 01:14:05,950
I mean, you know that that's super-elevated, right?

1641
01:14:05,950 --> 01:14:08,240
- Yeah, they were freaking out. - They were freaking out?

1642
01:14:08,250 --> 01:14:10,250
- At the doctor's office. - Well, you know what?

1643
01:14:10,250 --> 01:14:14,790
They should be freaking out now, because today was 169.

1644
01:14:14,790 --> 01:14:17,670
Whoa! Now you're talking!

1645
01:14:17,670 --> 01:14:22,010
- One-sixty-nine? - You dropped 107 points, my man.

1646
01:14:22,010 --> 01:14:23,010
That's amazing.

1647
01:14:25,180 --> 01:14:26,560
Here's what we got.

1648
01:14:26,810 --> 01:14:29,720
After seven days, the cholesterol average drop

1649
01:14:29,730 --> 01:14:31,350
was 21 points.

1650
01:14:31,560 --> 01:14:34,350
The average weight loss was 6.12 pounds.

1651
01:14:34,560 --> 01:14:37,060
You guys, instead of having arteries

1652
01:14:37,070 --> 01:14:39,320
that looked like this here, right?

1653
01:14:39,530 --> 01:14:42,650
You guys are on the road to having arteries

1654
01:14:42,650 --> 01:14:43,950
that look like this here.

1655
01:14:43,950 --> 01:14:46,870
And we know that the number one killer

1656
01:14:46,870 --> 01:14:49,120
of in the line of duty firefighters

1657
01:14:49,330 --> 01:14:53,670
is heart attacks. This is a food created disease

1658
01:14:54,040 --> 01:14:58,630
and you guys don't have to be another statistic.

1659
01:14:59,630 --> 01:15:01,630
My doctor wanted to put me on a statin,

1660
01:15:02,220 --> 01:15:04,300
and I kind of looked at it like that was...

1661
01:15:04,720 --> 01:15:06,130
like cheating, like an easy way out

1662
01:15:06,140 --> 01:15:09,220
and there has to be a healthier, more long term alternative.

1663
01:15:09,220 --> 01:15:12,020
And then, when this opportunity presented itself...

1664
01:15:13,060 --> 01:15:14,100
I took it.

1665
01:15:14,810 --> 01:15:16,440
When you eat a healthy, whole foods,

1666
01:15:16,440 --> 01:15:19,440
plant-based diet, it changes the expression of your genes.

1667
01:15:19,440 --> 01:15:22,110
It turns on the good genes, turns off the bad genes.

1668
01:15:22,490 --> 01:15:24,150
Your genes are a predisposition,

1669
01:15:24,150 --> 01:15:25,610
but your genes are not your fate.

1670
01:15:26,200 --> 01:15:27,990
And even if your mother and your father

1671
01:15:27,990 --> 01:15:30,240
and aunts and uncles all died of diabetes,

1672
01:15:30,240 --> 01:15:31,700
cancer, even heart disease,

1673
01:15:31,700 --> 01:15:33,410
it doesn't mean that you need to.

1674
01:15:36,920 --> 01:15:39,550
Once I get to here, I'm gonna come up,

1675
01:15:39,840 --> 01:15:41,800
and I'm gonna drop my head on his face.

1676
01:15:42,050 --> 01:15:43,720
With help from my new diet,

1677
01:15:43,930 --> 01:15:45,840
I fully recovered from my injuries,

1678
01:15:45,840 --> 01:15:48,010
and I'm back to teaching self-defense.

1679
01:15:48,600 --> 01:15:50,970
Or I could chop here and start to come here.

1680
01:15:50,970 --> 01:15:52,930
But with a critical new component...

1681
01:15:53,430 --> 01:15:55,430
internal defense.

1682
01:15:55,440 --> 01:15:58,980
You can get improved blood flow. That allows more oxygen,

1683
01:15:58,980 --> 01:16:01,520
more nutrients to the muscles. And it's not just the...

1684
01:16:01,530 --> 01:16:03,110
Armed with the truth in nutrition,

1685
01:16:03,360 --> 01:16:06,440
I now have the tools to help protect more lives

1686
01:16:06,450 --> 01:16:07,910
than ever before.

1687
01:16:08,490 --> 01:16:10,120
- It's good. Yeah. - Is it?

1688
01:16:12,870 --> 01:16:16,120
Anybody else got a fiver now?

1689
01:16:16,460 --> 01:16:18,580
Anybody else got a fiver now?

1690
01:16:22,550 --> 01:16:24,880
James! Good to see you.

1691
01:16:25,930 --> 01:16:27,380
How are you feeling now?

1692
01:16:27,390 --> 01:16:28,390
Very good.

1693
01:16:29,470 --> 01:16:31,930
The figure that I read, it was 85 percent likelihood

1694
01:16:31,930 --> 01:16:33,310
of your first attack...

1695
01:16:34,560 --> 01:16:35,940
and that kills you.

1696
01:16:37,480 --> 01:16:38,940
That's a high percentage...

1697
01:16:39,560 --> 01:16:40,980
which makes me feel...

1698
01:16:42,030 --> 01:16:42,860
very blessed.

1699
01:16:43,940 --> 01:16:46,650
♪ Happy birthday Dear pops ♪

1700
01:16:46,650 --> 01:16:49,780
♪ Happy birthday to you ♪

1701
01:16:49,780 --> 01:16:51,330
Thank you.

1702
01:16:52,830 --> 01:16:55,160
We've gone down the vegan route.

1703
01:16:55,830 --> 01:16:57,920
And we now have soy milk.

1704
01:16:58,290 --> 01:17:00,960
Marsha makes sure I have my vegetables,

1705
01:17:01,210 --> 01:17:02,670
insists on it now.

1706
01:17:03,460 --> 01:17:05,590
- How old are you? - Seventy-one.

1707
01:17:05,970 --> 01:17:07,220
- Seventy-one. - Mm.

1708
01:17:07,220 --> 01:17:09,470
- I'm one! - And glad to be here.

1709
01:17:11,680 --> 01:17:14,510
What's up, what's good with ya?

1710
01:17:14,520 --> 01:17:17,430
Bruce Lee understood that the quest for truth

1711
01:17:17,440 --> 01:17:18,600
is only useful

1712
01:17:18,600 --> 01:17:21,520
if you're prepared to take action on what you find.

1713
01:17:21,980 --> 01:17:23,770
It's best to lead by example.

1714
01:17:24,280 --> 01:17:26,440
Most people say, "Oh, I just can't become vegan."

1715
01:17:26,440 --> 01:17:28,150
I said, "You're right. It's a process to it."

1716
01:17:28,150 --> 01:17:30,280
I'll give you guys some vegan chocolates.

1717
01:17:30,280 --> 01:17:31,700
People have this idea in their head

1718
01:17:31,700 --> 01:17:32,870
that if they're gonna do something,

1719
01:17:34,120 --> 01:17:35,660
it's an all or nothing approach and that's not the case at all.

1720
01:17:35,660 --> 01:17:39,040
If you go to people and say, "You must stop eating meat."

1721
01:17:39,040 --> 01:17:40,290
They'll say, "Fuck you.

1722
01:17:40,290 --> 01:17:42,540
Who the fuck are you to tell me how to eat?"

1723
01:17:42,540 --> 01:17:45,550
But if you explain it and say, "Hey, why don't you try

1724
01:17:46,170 --> 01:17:49,220
once a week, just chill it with the meat."

1725
01:17:50,260 --> 01:17:53,390
Fifty years ago, no one talked about, "Hey,

1726
01:17:53,390 --> 01:17:56,720
maybe you should just get your protein from vegetables."

1727
01:17:57,060 --> 01:18:02,060
But now, there is many, many athletes,

1728
01:18:04,020 --> 01:18:05,360
professional athletes in all kinds

1729
01:18:05,360 --> 01:18:09,490
of different sports, that have done extremely well,

1730
01:18:10,650 --> 01:18:12,820
staying away from animals foods.

1731
01:18:14,240 --> 01:18:17,740
Lewis Hamilton wins the German Grand Prix!

1732
01:18:18,040 --> 01:18:19,120
We all wanna feel great.

1733
01:18:19,330 --> 01:18:21,040
We all wanna look great, have more energy.

1734
01:18:21,420 --> 01:18:23,670
The most important thing is about having the right fuel

1735
01:18:23,670 --> 01:18:24,920
in your body.

1736
01:18:24,920 --> 01:18:26,130
I can't remember feeling this great

1737
01:18:26,130 --> 01:18:27,630
in my whole 32 years of my life.

1738
01:18:30,130 --> 01:18:32,470
At the 20, comes back to the 15,

1739
01:18:32,470 --> 01:18:33,760
and Matthews goes,

1740
01:18:33,760 --> 01:18:36,640
opening play touchdown for the Titans!

1741
01:18:37,140 --> 01:18:38,810
And I don't ever remember

1742
01:18:38,810 --> 01:18:42,100
a comeback like this. This is unreal!

1743
01:18:42,310 --> 01:18:44,440
This was our best season in the last 15 years.

1744
01:18:44,770 --> 01:18:47,900
Sacked by Orakpo and Derrick Morgan.

1745
01:18:48,190 --> 01:18:50,940
And we had about 14 guys on plant-based diets.

1746
01:18:50,940 --> 01:18:53,780
Jurrell Casey. Brian Orakpo!

1747
01:18:54,410 --> 01:18:55,990
Bright spot in this game

1748
01:18:55,990 --> 01:18:57,780
was this Titans defense.

1749
01:18:58,290 --> 01:18:59,660
Oh, my goodness!

1750
01:18:59,870 --> 01:19:01,750
Double digit sacks

1751
01:19:01,750 --> 01:19:03,120
for Derrick Morgan.

1752
01:19:03,120 --> 01:19:05,380
He had his best season of his career.

1753
01:19:05,580 --> 01:19:08,380
Titans on their way to the playoffs.

1754
01:19:08,710 --> 01:19:10,010
We did it, baby!

1755
01:19:10,550 --> 01:19:12,840
And the playoff win on my birthday was, probably,

1756
01:19:12,840 --> 01:19:14,470
the pinnacle of my career so far.

1757
01:19:14,470 --> 01:19:16,800
Everybody's talked about the defensive line

1758
01:19:16,800 --> 01:19:17,970
and this diet.

1759
01:19:19,060 --> 01:19:21,480
It was the burritos. It was the breakfast burritos.

1760
01:19:21,680 --> 01:19:24,400
That's what it was. That'll get you to the playoffs.

1761
01:19:34,570 --> 01:19:36,780
By the time Scott reached Mount Katahdin,

1762
01:19:37,240 --> 01:19:38,910
word of his perseverance

1763
01:19:38,910 --> 01:19:40,620
was bringing people out in droves.

1764
01:19:46,380 --> 01:19:50,250
But after 46 days and nearly 2200 miles,

1765
01:19:50,250 --> 01:19:53,340
Scott had only a few hours left to break the record.

1766
01:19:55,010 --> 01:19:58,260
This will be the heaviest weight that anyone has ever carried

1767
01:19:58,260 --> 01:20:02,520
on their shoulders. Patrik will be attempting 555 kilos,

1768
01:20:02,850 --> 01:20:06,020
which is 1,224 pounds.

1769
01:20:06,020 --> 01:20:08,570
This is an official Guinness World Record.

1770
01:20:10,440 --> 01:20:13,360
The potential of the human body is immense.

1771
01:20:14,860 --> 01:20:17,200
You can come out of some of the deepest,

1772
01:20:17,200 --> 01:20:20,700
darkest holes if you keep pressing forward.

1773
01:20:22,120 --> 01:20:24,410
I'm gonna do this. Whoa!

1774
01:20:31,710 --> 01:20:33,050
Here we go!

1775
01:20:33,800 --> 01:20:35,380
World record attempt!

1776
01:20:35,720 --> 01:20:37,510
Scott Jurek is one of the world's

1777
01:20:37,510 --> 01:20:40,010
most accomplished ultra marathoners.

1778
01:20:40,010 --> 01:20:42,680
His latest quest, the Appalachian Trail.

1779
01:20:42,680 --> 01:20:45,890
It takes most hikers five to seven months.

1780
01:20:46,230 --> 01:20:48,350
Jurek did it in 46 days...

1781
01:20:48,350 --> 01:20:50,560
...eight hours and seven minutes.

1782
01:20:52,980 --> 01:20:54,690
Three hours faster than the previous record.

1783
01:21:14,000 --> 01:21:16,510
Yeah!

1784
01:21:19,640 --> 01:21:21,100
Vegan power!

1785
01:21:21,510 --> 01:21:22,720
Yeah!

1786
01:21:23,470 --> 01:21:24,560
I did it!

1787
01:21:26,270 --> 01:21:29,440
It's not about being the strongest and the biggest.

1788
01:21:30,690 --> 01:21:32,100
It's really about

1789
01:21:32,110 --> 01:21:34,310
what are you going to do with your strength,

1790
01:21:34,320 --> 01:21:37,440
and what are you going to do with the power that you have.

1791
01:22:12,980 --> 01:22:14,850
I basically start my day

1792
01:22:14,860 --> 01:22:17,320
with a big, big, big smoothie.

1793
01:22:17,320 --> 01:22:22,070
Some greens in it, like, kale or spinach, some beet protein.

1794
01:22:23,490 --> 01:22:24,950
Pancakes really at the top

1795
01:22:24,950 --> 01:22:26,660
'cause I like breakfast food, anytime.

1796
01:22:26,660 --> 01:22:28,540
Like, there's no wrong time to have it.

1797
01:22:28,540 --> 01:22:31,160
I love my toast with peanut butter.

1798
01:22:31,160 --> 01:22:33,170
Lunch, I would make a veggie burger.

1799
01:22:33,170 --> 01:22:35,080
Avocados are really big one for me.

1800
01:22:35,090 --> 01:22:36,170
I'm addicted.

1801
01:22:36,170 --> 01:22:37,590
A big salad with veggies,

1802
01:22:37,590 --> 01:22:40,170
quinoa rice, I call it the trough bowl.

1803
01:22:40,170 --> 01:22:43,340
And then at dinner, anything from Japanese to Mexican.

1804
01:22:43,550 --> 01:22:46,970
I love Indian food, and also Thai curry.

1805
01:22:47,180 --> 01:22:48,600
Really just... I like pizza.

1806
01:22:48,600 --> 01:22:50,810
If I'm about to just chow down, like really get it,

1807
01:22:50,810 --> 01:22:53,400
- man, a lasagna. - If you like chicken nuggets,

1808
01:22:53,610 --> 01:22:56,190
okay, they have vegan nuggets. If you like meatballs,

1809
01:22:56,400 --> 01:22:57,940
they got vegan meatballs.

1810
01:22:58,190 --> 01:23:01,530
A lot of pizza, pasta and burgers.

1811
01:23:02,030 --> 01:23:03,660
Sometimes even at the same time.

1812
01:23:04,980 --> 01:23:08,330
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